PCT No. PCT / JP96 / 01924 Sec. 371 Date May 14, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 14, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 11, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 03834 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 6, 1997A laminated ink-jet
recording head is provided that has a strong joint between the diaphragm and the piezoelectric vibrating element and which can be driven on
low voltage. The
recording head is of such a design that a lower
electrode is provided on the diaphragm in at lest a region that corresponds to said pressure generating chamber, the lower
electrode being overlaid with the piezoelectric vibrating element formed by a hydrothermal method, said piezoelectric vibrating element in turn being overlaid with an upper
electrode and having a film thickness of not less than 1 mu m but not more than 10 mu m. The invention further provides a process for producing this
recording head, as well as an apparatus such as a printer that is equipped with this recording head.