The invention provides a whitening and cationic modification method based on a one-bath two-stage process and an application. The method comprises following steps:
fiber and fabric are added to water,part of
sodium percarbonate is added, then, alkali is added to regulate pH to be 11-12, and after the temperature is increased to 68-72 DEG C, remaining
sodium percarbonate is added for whitening; after whitening, a cationic etherifying agent is added for modification,
oxalic acid is added after the temperature is reduced to 38-42 DEG C, the temperature is increased to 58-62 DEG C, and whiteningand cationic modification are completed after
neutralization and deoxygenization. According to the method,
active oxygen free radicals are utilized for performing bleaching and
impurity removal on thefiber and the fabric, meanwhile, double bonds in
pigment are damaged by means of strong oxidizing property of
alkyl free radicals, and therefore, the
fiber and the fabric are faded; whiteness of thefabric and the
fiber after pretreatment and bleaching can be increased by about 5 degrees. After the cationic modification of the fiber and the fabric, active bases capable of reacting with dye are increased, the dye-uptake and the exhaustion degree of the dye are increased, and the method has the effects of increasing
color depth, reducing
dyeing wastewater and the like.