The invention discloses a surrounding rock mechanical parameter automatic testing system and a surrounding rock mechanical parameter automatic testing method suitable for a TBM. The surrounding rock mechanical parameter automatic testing system comprises a material collecting part, a grabbing part, a visual processing device and a rock abrasiveness testing device, wherein the material collecting part which can collect rock slag in a tunneling process of the TBM in real time; the grabbing part can grab arbitrary rock slag from the obtained rock slag; the visual processing device can perform three-dimensional imaging on the tested rock slag in an infrared distance measurement mode, calculates positions of loading points of an abrasiveness testing experiment, determines whether the tested rock slag meets requirements or not according to the distance between the loading points, if so, determines actual positions of the loading points, and determines that a region, meeting a set condition,on the surface of the rock slag serves as an action region of the abrasiveness testing experiment; and the rock abrasiveness testing device can automatically carry out abrasiveness testing on tested rock slag meeting the requirements. The surrounding rock mechanical parameter automatic testing system and the method have the advantages of being high in timeliness, high in automation degree, safe, economical and the like, effectively solve the problem that surrounding rock strength information of current TBM construction is difficult to obtain in real time, and provide real-time surrounding rockcondition information and a control parameter decision basis for TBM tunneling.