The invention discloses a winter rape-summer peanut high-yield and high-efficiency planting technology. The planting technology specifically comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation and fertilization: after preceding crops are harvested, applying farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced compound fertilizer and borax as base fertilizers, and performing deep ploughing andfine preparation; (2) winter rape planting: selecting a super-strong cold-resistant winter rape variety for mechanical spray seeding or manual drill seeding or broadcast seeding; (3) winter rape management: performing thinning and final singling, management before winter, management after reviving, pest control and timely harvesting; (4) harvesting and soil preparation: applying an organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced compound fertilizer, deeply ploughing and airing soil, and manually ridging; (5) summer peanut planting: selecting a summer peanut variety which is short in growth period, high in quality and good in resistance, and sowing two rows of summer peanut seeds on ridges; and (6) summer peanut management: performing reasonable fertilization, pest controland timely harvesting. The planting technology is simple in operation procedure, less in labor investment, time-saving, labor-saving, cost-saving, high in quality and efficiency, suitable for northernareas of China, and particularly suitable for popularization and application in winter rape planting areas or summer peanut planting areas in the middle and south of Hebei province.