The invention discloses a microfluidic chip and a cell screening method for screening specific cells. The chip comprises a substrate, a cavity and an acoustic excitation source, wherein the cavity comprises a middle channel, an inlet and an outlet; the acoustic excitation source is positioned on the substrate and at two sides of the middle channel and comprises two parts which extend to a direction of the outlet along the middle channel, wherein the corresponding acoustic resonance frequency of the second part close to the outlet is integer multiples of the corresponding acoustic resonance frequency of the first part far away from the outlet. Based on an acoustic streaming effect formed by targeted microbubbles and asymmetric sound fields, the microbubbles are adhered to the surfaces of the specific cells, so that the enriched cells which flow past the first part can still move in a straight line and cannot diffuse due to a laminar flow characteristic of microfluidics, and the specific cells bonded with the targeted microbubbles can shift because the acoustic resonance frequency of the second part is different from that of the first part. Thus, the screening of the specificity of the specific cells in blood is realized.