The invention discloses a superconducting magnet operation monitoring system and a design method, and belongs to the technical field of safety monitoring, the system comprises a superconducting magnet placed in a Dewar, the superconducting magnet is connected with a subsystem, a vacuum Dewar is connected with a molecular pump unit through a corrugated pipe, the corrugated pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valve is connected with the subsystem. The subsystems, the power supply, the electromagnetic valve and the molecular pump unit are all connected with the monitoring host; system software runs in the monitoring host, and a bottom layer of a software system architecture comprises a subsystem, a power supply, an electromagnetic valve, a Dewar and an equipment control module obtained by mapping a molecular pump unit on a software level. By integrating the equipment control modules corresponding to the functional modules into the software framework, when the actually running physical equipment is changed, the new equipment can be integrated into the system only by simply modifying the bottom equipment control module, so that the generalization of the monitoring system is realized.