179 results about "Pluton" patented technology

The invention provides a method for reconstructing a floor limestone aquifer into a natural-artificial composite integrated aquiclude. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out research on prevention and treatment of harm of limestone water in a coal seam floor on a working face and determining a target layer for grouting reinforcement; constructing an end hole along the inclination direction of limestone in the target layer; carrying out advanced detection on the target layer via the position of the constructed end hole and subjecting the target layer to grouting reinforcement and reconstruction; and carrying out comparative study on the water-resisting properties of the layer before and after grouting. According to the invention, since the floor limestone aquifer is reconstructed into a natural-artificial composite integrated key water-resisting layer through grouting reinforcement, the integral strength of floor rock and the critical value of a water bursting coefficient are improved, prevention and treatment of hazards of deep high-confined limestone water are realized, and important guarantee is provided for safe stoping of the working surface.

Method for modeling anisotropic elastic properties of a subsurface region comprising mixed fractured rocks and other geological bodies. P-wave and fast and slow S-wave logs are obtained, and an anisotropic rock physics model of the subsurface region is developed (21). P- and fast and slow S-wave logs at the well direction are calculated using a rock physics model capable of handling fractures and other geological factors (22). Calculated values are compared to measured values in an iterative model updating process (23). An upscaled ID model is developed by averaging elastic properties in each layer using an upscaling theory capable of handling at least orthorhombic anisotropy (24). The ID model may be used to generate synthetic seismic response for well ties or AVO modeling (25). Further, a method is disclosed for estimating anisotropy parameters from P- and fast / slow S-wave logs from one or more deviated wells.

The invention discloses a none-full-depth freezing method for penetrating through ultra-thick water-rich bed rock in shaft deepening. According to the method, a shaft penetrates through surface soil, the water-rich bed rock, a water-resisting layer and low-permeability bed rock sequentially from top to bottom, and main freezing pipes penetrate through the surface soil and the water-rich bed rock sequentially from top to bottom, penetrate into the water-resisting layer by 10m-20m and stop in a low-permeability rock stratum; a none-full-depth freezing depth is 240m-260m and a wall-caving-preventing freezing depth is 40m-45m; the main freezing pipes are annularly arranged with the circle center of the shaft as a circle center and the distance between the main freezing pipes and the outer wall of the shaft is 2m; wall-caving-preventing freezing pipes penetrate into the surface soil only by 43m and are annularly arranged with the circle center of the shaft as a circle center, and the distance between the wall-caving-preventing freezing pipes and the outer wall of the shaft is 1m. The method is fast in construction, safe and efficient and capable of preventing water damage caused when underground water damages a horsehead and related chamber rock mass along annular water diversion channels during construction of the horsehead after a full-depth freezing shaft is frozen, wherein the annular water diversion channels are formed by the freezing pipes and temperature measuring pipes; therefore, cost for treating water burst is saved, and safety construction of the horsehead and a chamber is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a magma type copper-nickel ore exploration method. The magma type copper-nickel ore exploration method comprises steps of A, analyzing a geological setting of an ore-forming process of a magma type copper-nickel mineral deposit and summarizing its ore-forming pattern, B, carrying out 1:50000 stream sediment measurement with an aim to observe a geochemical halo on the upperpart of a rock mass, marking abnormities of Cu and Ni, C, performing 1:10000 soil measurement by targeting an area where the Cu and Ni are abnormal, D performing trenching reveal on abnormalities anda mineralized clue or performing 1:2000 geologic measurement, high accuracy magnetic survey, induced polarization sounding and rock comprehensive profile measurement and revealing through trenching engineering, E, marking ore bodies, mineralized bodies and basic and ultra-basic rock bodies, F, using drilling to perform verification on the marked ore bodies or mineralized bodies, and G, determiningthe ore body or the mineral deposit. The magma type copper-nickel ore exploration method can improve a success rate of ore prospecting, can effectively shorten a construction period of ore prospecting and can find various kinds of metal mineral bodies.

The invention relates to a novel working method for the manual advancing and restoration of a collapsed ultra-deep vertical shaft, which comprises the steps of advancing, installing templates, installing concrete reinforcing bars, pouring concrete, installing anchor rods, installing Mn steel protective canisters and pouring concrete. The method has the advantages of adopting the advancing proposal of the steel templates plus reinforced concrete lining plus the anchor rods plus the Mn steel protective canisters, integrating three in one, not only ensuring construction safety, but also having remarkable effects on construction schedule, being capable of applying successful experience to the project management to complicated rock mass similar to vertical shafts or faults, water-eroded caves, quicksand and the like, speeding up construction and reducing project investment; the technology is only at the development stage in China, shortens construction period greatly, raises the safety factor of workers in the well and ensures the construction quality of the vertical shaft.

The invention provides a water-rich loose and broken coal and rock mass grouting solidification experimental device and an effect evaluation method. The water-rich loose and broken coal and rock massgrouting solidification experimental device comprises an experimental cavity formed in a steel structure kettle body, a circulating water pressure loading system communicating with a confining pressure loading system, a grouting system communicating with the confining pressure loading system, an ultrasonic testing system and an electrical resistivity tomography system, wherein the ultrasonic testing system and the electrical resistivity tomography system are connected to the experimental cavity; and the water pressure and chemical grout are input into the experimental cavity of a stratum model, thus the coal measure stratum wave speed, dynamic mechanical parameters and electrical resistivity information in the experimental cavity in the grouting process are monitored in real time through the ultrasonic testing system and the electrical resistivity tomography system, and the water-rich loose and broken coal and rock mass grouting reinforcing effect is evaluated. Multi-field physical evolution law simulation tests in the chemical grouting process in water-rich loose and broken coal and rock mass and the grouting effect are quantitatively evaluated, and the scientific basis is provided for loose and broken coal and rock mass grouting reinforcing parameter determination and effect test evaluation of underground engineering.

The invention discloses a construction method of a drifting machine with a cantilever for a shallow-buried tunnel of a city with strong karst and rich water. The construction method comprises the following steps that measuring and positioning on an excavation tunnel face is conducted, and then an advanced geologic prediction system is used to conduct geological examination; the drifting machine with the cantilever and cutting picks on the drifting machine with the cantilever are adopted to excavate rocks; when stone sediments accumulate to a certain amount, an excavator is adopted to load behind the drifting machine, a transporting vehicle or a belt conveyor is used to transport the stone sediments to a vertical shaft collecting hopper, and the stone sediments are lifted to the ground through a hopper; when the drifting machine completes one excavation circulation, the drifting machine is driven back to a certain distance behind the tunnel face, an anchor rod is constructed later, and a steel truss is erected; construction of spraying concrete primary lining is conducted, and the excavated rock face is sealed; and construction of pouring secondary concrete lining is conducted, and a tunnel is formed. The construction method has the beneficial effects that the method that the drifting machine is adopted to conduct rock stratum stripping layer by layer is adopted; influence on the periphery is small; construction safety and quality are improved; construction efficiency is improved; and construction cost is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for constructing non-penetrated jointed rock mass damage constitutive models under a plane compressive shear stress. The method comprises the following steps of: associating additional strain energy increments caused by crack in fracture mechanics with damage mechanics strain energy burst sizes, and importing the additional strain energy increments and the damagemechanics strain energy burst sizes into a non-penetrated crack extension criterion so as to put forward an external force-considered calculation formula for jointed rock mass damage variables; and finally obtaining a crack parameters (internal causes) and stress conditions (external causes)-considered non-penetrated jointed rock mass damage tensor calculation method, so as to establish a corresponding damage constitutive model. According to the method, the condition of considering external force is suitable for influences caused to rock mass damage variables by common stress states (not comprising positive stress and comprising shearing stress, and suitable for single-axis or double-axis stress states only comprising positive stresses), so that the defect that only rock damage variable calculation under double-axis pressure, namely, influences caused by rock damage variables by confining pressure , is considered in variable calculation of rock mass damages caused to cracks by externalforce in the prior art is overcome.

The invention discloses a method for controlling water-rich fractured rock mass comprehensive grouting under the effective sealing batholite shortage condition. The method includes the steps of comprehensively detecting a hazard-formation water source and a water guide channel, designing a sealing batholite refitting scheme and a grouting treatment scheme, refitting sealing batholite, controlling the grouting process and the safety, conducting draining, pressure relieving, drilling and blocking, comprehensively detecting the grouting effect, compensating a weak zone for slip casting and the like. After construction is conducted through the method, by refitting the sealing batholite, the problems that due to the shortage of the effective sealing batholite, sap loss and grout leakage occur in the grouting process and the grouting effect is not good are solved, the grouting efficiency is improved, and good social benefits and economic benefits are created.

The invention discloses a contour blasting method for joint development rock masses, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The contour blasting method comprises the following steps of charging an explosive and a priming material into a contour blasting hole, and only adopting reinforced charging structures at the hole opening and hole bottom, near a blockage section, of the charging section; then, pouring cement mortar, enabling the cement mortar to fill the joint and fracture of the contour blasting hole and the surrounding thereof by the self-gravity, and detonating the explosive before the initial setting of the cement mortar. The contour blasting method has the advantages that the cement mortar is used as a coupling medium, and can be used to fill the joint and fracture of the blasting hole and the surrounding rock mass thereof, and the strength and integrity of the rock mass are improved; under the action of blasting impact pressure, the compression amount of the cement mortar is little, the expansion speed of the gas produced by blasting is slow, the action time is prolonged, the blasting load is stably and uniformly applied to the surrounding hole wall, and the better contour blasting effect is obtained; the energy utilization rate of the explosive is improved, the consumption of the priming material and explosive is effectively decreased, and the blasting cost is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel or roadway excavation, discloses a self-boring drilling steel, steel pipe or drill rod shed excavating method and particularly discloses a self-boring drilling steel, steel pipe or drill rod shed excavating method in a tunnel or roadway forepoling. The method overcomes the defects of a common pipe-shed method in construction of weak and broken rock strata, fault zones, rock strata degrading in water or collapse zones. The method includes the construction steps of first-phase preparations, self-boring drilling steel, steel pipe or drill rod operation, steel arch frame mounting, tunnel or roadway excavation and secondary supporting. Self-boring drilling steel, a steel pipe or a drill rod is capable of effectively forepoling unfavorable geologic bodies in front of a working surface, and constructed tunnel or roadway forming, construction speed and forepoling reliability are guaranteed. The method is capable of achieving forepoling of specially complicated rock masses and is wide in application range, simple to operate, few in occupied equipment and high in efficiency and safety.

The invention discloses a method for enabling a working face to pass through an igneous rock intrusion area, and concretely discloses a method for enabling the working face to pass through the igneous rock intrusion area by utilizing a high voltage electric pulse taking a special solution as a medium for cracking and softening rock. The method comprises: reasonably distributing drill holes at the igneous rock intrusion area, injection the special solution into the drill holes and taking as the propagation medium of the high voltage electric pulse, utilizing the high voltage electric pulse to generate a large amount of cracks at the inner walls of the drill holes, and enabling the cracks to be continuously expanded to form fissures under the effects of the high voltage electric pulse and the solution pressure, also softening the igneous rock body through the chemical reaction between the solution and igneous rock, so as to realize the purposes of crushing and softening igneous rock body and enabling the working face to directly pass through the igneous rock intrusion area. The method avoids destruction on a coal cutter and other machinery equipment when the working face directly passes through the igneous rock intrusion area, and also avoids a large amount of time, source and manpower waste generated when the working face performs skip mining, guarantees safe efficient propulsion of the working face, and possesses relatively high popularization and application value.

The invention discloses test model clay for simulating the IV-class surrounding rock and a method for preparing the same. The test model clay for simulating the IV-class surrounding rock comprises the following raw materials by weight portion: 119-122 portions of barite powder, 19-21 portions of gypsum powder, 35-42 portions of sand, 13-16 portions of water and 3-6 portions of laundry detergent. The density and the strength of test model clay for simulating the IV-class surrounding rock can be controlled by adjusting the parameters including the material variety, the material proportion, the material mixing proportion, the sand amount, the laundry detergent proportion and the water proportion. If a proper amount of laundry detergent is added to the model rock material again to adjust the model rock material, the model rock material can be used repeatedly. The clean tap water is used as the water phase, the laundry detergent is used as the oil phase, and the clean tap water and the laundry detergent are safe and non-toxic and can be selectively stirred easily without needing the complex postprocessing.

The invention belongs to the technical field of large-scale cave depot project sphere-cylinder combination excavation, particularly relates to an underground large-scale cave depot project sphere-cylinder combination excavation method, and solves the problems about excavation and muck removal of an underground large-scale cave depot sphere-cylinder combination. The method includes the steps: (1) for passage excavation, excavating an upper passage and a lower passage, and excavating a spherical-crown-shaped loading space in the lower part of a tank chamber; (2) for tank cap excavation, excavating downwards from the center of a tank cap to form a shaft to have the tank chamber vertically communicated, directly pushing muck into the shaft, raking the muck in a matched manner, and conveying the muck to a muck disposal area with a dumper from the lower passage, wherein tank cap excavation is carried out in upper and lower parts; (3) for tank body excavation, adopting a down-hole drill to excavate inner rock mass in the middle of a tank body by a method for excavating from the center to the periphery radially step by step, and adopting an air driving drilling machine to excavate the edge of the tank body. All processes are linked orderly, equilibrium in production is realized, multi-process synchronous construction and parallel operation can be carried out, and time limit for a project is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a geothermal exploitation test method under a simulated complex load condition. According to the method, the multi-field coupling test data of a seepage field, a temperature field, a stress field, a strain field and the like of the caved broken rock mass under the complex disturbance conditions, such as a static load, an impact load, a long-time stable load, a periodic pulse, a vibration load, an actually measured disturbance load and the like can be accurately obtained, the complete rock body lithology of different rock samples, the rock-rock and water-rock heat exchange rules, fractured rock mass seepage field distribution rules and fractured rock mass internal stress field evolution rules of the complete rock mass heat source temperature, the fractured rock masslithology, the particle size, the gradation, the combined distribution forms and the like on the conditions, such as different applied loads, disturbance conditions, seepage fluid initial temperature,seepage fluid initial pressure, etc., and the multi-field coupling effect mechanism of the stress field, the strain field, the seepage, the temperature field and the like can be researched conveniently, and the more accurate test data is provided for the research of a deep geothermal exploitation technology under a complex load condition.

The invention discloses an efficient shock absorption blasting and excavation method adopting fishbone-shaped construction guide grooves for a large rock deep foundation pit in a dense building area. The efficient shock absorption blasting and excavation method is characterized in that excavation is conducted according to the following sequence: a, shock absorption holes are drilled in the outer rim of the foundation pit, and reserved protection belts are arranged; b, a main construction guide groove is excavated in the dense building direction through a shallow hole loosening and blasting method; c, in the positions perpendicular to the main construction guide groove, two or more auxiliary construction guide grooves are excavated facing the two sides of the main construction guide groove, and therefore the main construction guide groove and the auxiliary construction guide grooves form the fishbone shape; d, a middle-deep hole control blasting method is adopted, blasting and expanded-excavation are conducted on the rock among the auxiliary construction guide grooves; e, the reserved protection belts are excavated to the rim of the foundation pit by the adoption of the mechanical excavation method; f, support is conducted on the wall of the foundation pit; and h, layered excavation of the foundation pit is conducted by executing the steps of b to e in a looping manner. By the adoption of the efficient shock absorption blasting and excavation method, the excavation efficiency of the large foundation pit can be improved, and the influence of blasting and vibration on the surrounding buildings is lowered.

The invention discloses a device for forecasting geologies in advance during tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction by using shock signals and a usage method. The device comprises a TBM cutter head, wherein a plurality of groups of hob blades are arranged on the TBM cutter head along the radial direction, vibration exciter telescoping grooves and detector telescoping grooves are arranged on one side of one of the groups of hob blades at intervals, vibration exciters and detectors are correspondingly mounted in the vibration exciter telescoping grooves and the detector telescoping grooves, and the detectors are connected with a data processing terminal through signal transmission wires. During usage, the vibration exciter telescoping grooves with the vibration exciters are extended out to be closely connected with front rock masses and used as a shocking source, one ends of the detector telescoping grooves with the detectors are coated with grease, and the detector telescoping grooves are extended out to be closely connected with the front rock masses and used for receiving reflected waves. The device for forecasting geologies in advance during TBM construction by using shock signals has the advantages of being simple in structure, high in detection accuracy, anti-interference, convenient to measure, telescopic, high in measurement coupling accuracy and the like.

The invention relates to a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of a geological strength index, and the method is characterized in that a rock joint group number, a joint interval and a rock completeness coefficient are used for describing rock structural characteristics, a large proportional scale waveform coefficient, a small proportional scale smooth coefficient and a joint erosion coefficient are used for describing conditions of a structural plane, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation set is established according to the fuzziness, hierarchy and difference of the evaluation index influencing the geological strength index value; a membership function of rock material characteristics is constructed, and the weight of the evaluation factor is determined on the basis of the layering analysis method; and finally a rock structural characteristic and structural plane condition factor evaluation matrix is established according to the geological exploration result and the test data, and the value of the geological strength index is determined according to the maximal subordinate principle. The comprehensive evaluation method is strong in pertinence, high in accuracy, capable of reasonably combining the geological investigation result, the test result, statistical data and expert opinions, capable of reducing the subjectivity in decision-making of a researcher and easy to realize.

The invention provides a method for comprehensively predicting roof fall height and hidden danger classification of coal seam roadway, characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) dividing the roadway roof fall type i into four types of partial block roof fall of fissure surrounding rock mass roadway, roof fall of cataclastic surrounding rock mass roadway in butterfly-shaped plastic zone, composite roof fall of weakly cohesive layered surrounding rock mass roadway and roof fall of loose surrounding rock mass roadway; 2 establishing a mathematical model for each roof fall type, respectively calculating that hidden trouble value Hi of the roof fall height of the four roof fall types at the kth coordinate point on the mine roof; 3 obtaining a weighted average coefficient of each roof fall occurrence probability according to the empirical probabilities of each roof fall occurrence, and obtaining a comprehensive prediction value Hk of the roof fall height according to the hidden danger value Hi of the roof fall height of the four roof fall types and the weighted average coefficient of each roof fall occurrence probability, so as to solve the technical problems existing in theprior art that the complex roof falling height of the roadway roof rock structure and the hidden danger classification are difficult to be determined comprehensively.

The invention discloses a method for controlling turf degradation by using bryophytes and herb-bush plants combined with high-order granule technology, and belongs to the technical field of vegetationecological restoration. The method uses a combination of bryophyta gametophyte and herb-bush plants as a novel grass seed spraying agent, which conforms to a natural ecological succession process. The bryophytes can rapidly multiply under suitable conditions by utilizing the superiority of the bryophytes, and the germination rate and coverage of herbaceous plants are improved to form a more stable ecosystem so as to prevent current excessive turf degradation and large-scale open-air rock and soil and accelerate the formation of an organic whole of slope rock mass and vegetation matrix. A soilculture medium that is more suitable for plant growth is produced by using the high-order granule technology, and spray seeding is carried out by using professional equipment so as to provide betterprotection for the plant growth. Plant species are determined according to local climate, soil and water and site conditions, and the spray seeding is carried out according to the mass ratio of bush:herb: bryophytes=7:2:1. Artificially forced greening changes into self-reproduction of natural vegetation. The method of the invention is applicable to places where turf is seriously degraded or unableto grow, such as various slopes, barren mountains and acid-alkaline soil.

Belonging to testing methods and instruments for rock mass constant temperature and rock mass strain, the invention relates to a test method for measuring rock mass constant temperature adsorption and monitoring rock mass strain and an instrument. According to the test method, rock mass constant temperature adsorption capacity is measured by an indirect gravitational method, at the same time, transverse and longitudinal strain gauges can be pasted to a side of a tested sample, the strain condition of the rock sample is monitored while the rock sample reaches adsorption equilibrium, thus being convenient to analyze the relation between rock mass adsorption and rock mass microscopic stress. A plurality of adsorption tanks are added, also adsorption test is carried out on rock samples in different particle size ranges at the same time, the rock mass sample particle size measurement range is wide, and the particle size test range covers 100micrometer-20mm. The test method calculates the sample adsorbing capacity by high precision balance weighing, which is different from the previous volumetric method for measurement of adsorbing capacity. The method can be used for determining the adsorbing capacity of rock to gas in laboratories, test enterprises and government departments. The test instrument is single, has few joints, enhances the system airtightness, and has the characteristics of simple operation, simple and reliable calculation method, and high accuracy.

The invention discloses a fractured rock mass multi-field coupling test and monitoring system. Multi-field coupling test data of a seepage field, a temperature field, a stress field, a strain field and the like of the caved broken rock mass under complex disturbance conditions such as a static load, an impact load, a long-time stable load, a periodic pulse, a vibration load, an actually measured disturbance load and the like can be accurately obtained; the complete rock body lithology of different rock samples can be conveniently studied; rock-rock and water-rock heat exchange rules, fracturedrock mass seepage field distribution rules and fractured rock mass internal stress field evolution rules of complete rock mass heat source temperature, fractured rock mass lithology, particle size, gradation, combined distribution forms and the like under the conditions of different applied loads, disturbance conditions, seepage fluid initial temperature, seepage fluid initial pressure and the like are determined; and more accurate test data are provided for the research of a deep geothermal exploitation technology under a complex load condition according to a multi-field coupling action mechanism of a stress field, a deformation field, a seepage field, a temperature field and the like.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal mine underground mining and relates to a striding continuous natural caving mining method for an unstable super-thick large ore bodies. A preliminary mining project of the striding continuous natural caving mining method comprises a monitoring level, an undercut level, an ore-drawing level and a loading-transporting level which are arranged from top to bottom. The monitoring level is located in an ore body hanging-side rock mass or on the ground; the undercut level is located in the ore bodies of the ore body heading-side boundary; the ore-drawing level and the loading-transporting level are located in an ore body heading-side rock mass and communicate through ore-drawing drop shafts; and any other preliminary mining projects can be not arranged within the height of the vertical thicknesses of the ore bodies. The overall mechanical degree is high, personal and equipment do not enter large space for operation, ore columns and a goaf are not left, the mining comprehensive productivity is high, and the mining cost is low; and in addition, the construction efficiency of the whole project can be effectively improved, the caving area range can be conveniently controlled, the safety problems are avoided during maintenance of the undercut space ore columns and operation of personnel in undercut space, and the pressure bearing state of a bottom structure project is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a blind-joint rock mass model sample containing different joint roughness. The preparation method comprises the following steps: modeling blind-joint samples containing different joint roughness, digitalizing a standard contour curve of joint roughness coefficients, inputting the digitized joint roughness curve to a computer, and connecting with a 3D printer; preparing a powdery raw material and adhesive glue required for the 3D printer, loading into the 3D printer, and printing blind-joint inserts according to a set joint roughness curve; cutting the printed blind-joint inserts to obtain blind-joint pieces required for tests; pouring part of cement mortar into a mold, placing the blind-joint pieces, filling the mold with the cement mortar; curing until the cement mortar is solidified and formed to form a sample part beginning to take a shape, and then demolding; polishing the sample to obtain the blind-joint rock mass model sample containing different joint roughness and satisfying test requirements. The method can be used for accurately preparing the blind-joint rock mass model sample containing different joint roughness.

The invention discloses a fractured rock mass seepage simulation method and system based on near-field dynamics. The method comprises the steps: building a fractured rock mass fluid-solid coupling model comprising a solid layer and a fluid layer based on the near-field dynamics, and discretizing the fractured rock mass fluid-solid coupling model into a plurality of material points according to a rock mass material and a rock mass volume; solving the solid layer to obtain the elongation of the solid bonds of the material points, judging whether the elongation of the solid bonds of the materialpoints meets the damage condition or not, and obtaining the local damage degree of the rock mass; solving the fluid layer to obtain the fracture permeability of the fluid layer, taking the pore waterpressure obtained according to the fracture permeability as the initial condition of the solid layer in the next iteration time step until the fractured rock mass seepage process is completed, obtaining the rock mass local damage condition, and outputting the whole process to simulate the fractured rock mass seepage. Effective simulation of the seepage behavior of the fractured rock mass under thefluid-solid coupling effect is achieved.

The invention provides a mineral inorganic superfine foamed filling material. The mineral inorganic superfine foamed filling material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 to 18 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 25 to 40 parts of bentonite, 3 to 10 parts of pearlite, 30 to 45 parts of fly ash, 3 to 8 parts of a foaming agent and 0.3 to 1 part of a water reducing agent. The mineral inorganic superfine foamed filling material provided by the invention is used for reinforcing coal mine crushed gangues and loose coal-rock masses and filling a goaf, a roof falling zone and a roadside, and has the characteristics of capability of pumping in a long distance, rapid condensation, uneasiness of cracking, greenness and environment friendliness. The invention further provides a preparation method and an application method of the mineral inorganic superfine foamed filling material.

The invention discloses a microseismic-monitoring-sensor arrangement method for stratified excavation of a deeply-buried hard-rock tunnel. When a second layer to the last layer of the tunnel are excavated, a first group / second group of microseismic sensors are installed in rock mass of a tunnel inner wall at the front / back of a tunnel face; a line obtained through downward movement of a center line of a currently-excavated-layer bottom plate for 1 meter is used as a rotating center line and the first group of microseismics sensors and the second group of microseismic sensors are distributed in the rock mass of the tunnel inner wall, the rotating center line being a central axis; and with the advancement of the tunnel face, the first group of microseismic sensors and the second groups of microseismic sensors are redistributed until tunnel excavation is completed. In the method, through use of space supplied by excavated layers of a tunnel, microseismic sensors are arranged at the front and back of excavated tunnel faces and a tunnel face of higher risks and adjacent areas of the tunnel face are included in the two groups of microseismic sensor arrayed at the front and back of the tunnel face all the time so that acquisition of micro-fracture signals is facilitated, microseism positioning precision is ensured and a basis is laid for accurate prediction and forecast of a disaster.

The invention discloses an eruption-facies volcanic rock geological body three dimensional modeling method based on computer graphics. The eruption-facies volcanic rock geological body three dimensional modeling method based on computer graphics includes the steps: selecting a seismic achievement profile and a seismic attribute slice; carving the front views respectively corresponding to the top interface form and the bottom interface form of an eruption-facies volcanic body; determining the function relation between the elevation of the top and bottom interfaces of the volcanic body and horizontal distribution of the volcanic body space; carving a top view corresponding to the form of the eruption-facies volcanic body; performing two dimensional linear interpolate value; determining the corresponding relation between the space distribution range of the volcanic body and the horizontal coordinates; determining the function corresponding relation between the elevation of the top and bottom interfaces of the volcanic body and the horizontal coordinates; obtaining the filling relative speed or the density attribute parameter value between the top and bottom interfaces of the volcano geological body; and obtaining a three dimensional model of the stratum. The eruption-facies volcanic rock geological body three dimensional modeling method based on computer graphics can effectively reduce the higher dependency of modeling on the development data, can overcome the high requirement for computer performance at the same time, can improve the modeling efficiency and enhance the modificability of the model at the same time, enables the modeling result to accord with the requirement of research and the practical geological situation.