The invention discloses a data placement method based on a distributed cluster. In order to solve the problem that the loading condition, the computing power of a computational node and movement of mass data can have an influence on operational performance, the three factors are effectively combined to compute an evaluation value of data placement, and then a node is selected according to the evaluation value. The data placement method based on the distributed cluster has the advantages that load balancing of data placement can be achieved, and the degree of parallelism is improved when data read-write is carried out; the computing power of the node can be well used, corresponding computation tasks are distributed according to the computing power, and the time of operation is reduced; good transmission performance is achieved, data are stored in the nearby computational node, data transmission can be minimized, and efficiency is improved.