34 results about "Moraine" patented technology

The invention discloses a prevention and control method for debris flow induced by ice-lake break and an application of the method. The method comprises the steps of determining a flood peak flow threshold of break flood debris flow in combination with topographic and geomorphic characteristic parameters of a drainage basin, rainfall characteristic parameters, inner-source characteristic parameters of the drainage basin, transport capacity of a main river and the like; then judging the stability of a morainic dam body in each calculation area and performing classification of dangerousness based on basic parameters obtained by field investigation, sampling and indoor testing of the morainic dam body; and based on this, determining body shape parameters and a distribution mode of pile structure bodies in the morainic dam body. According to the method and the application, for the situation that sudden ice-lake break caused by buried ice melting in the morainic dam, ice landslides and entry of ice into a lake due to icefall easily forms a giant debris flow disaster, the dam body undercutting speed can be effectively controlled, the break flood discharge time can be prolonged, the peak flow of break flood can be reduced, and the scale of forming the debris flow by the break flood can be reduced, regulated and controlled, so that the risk of causing harm to a downstream zone of the ice lake by the break flood is lowered.

The invention relates to a superglacial moraine covering type glacier identification method based on optical and thermal infrared remote sensing images, and belongs to the field of remote sensing geoscience application. According to the method, the thermal infrared wave band and the optical wave band of Landsat TM / ETM and remote sensing images are utilized, the data of a DEM (dynamic effect model) and the like is combined for carrying out identification on the superglacial moraine covering type glacier, firstly, the topical wave band of the TM / ETM images is subjected to atmosphere radiation correction and topography radiation correction, the thermal infrared wave band is used for carrying out ground surface temperature inversion, in addition, the normalization is carried out, then, the illumination region and the shade region are distinguished, and finally, a maximum likelihood method is utilized for respectively classifying the illumination region and the shade region of the images to obtain the types of ice, superglacial moraine covering type glacier, ice and rock debris mixed regions, shade, rock and the like. Compared with a traditional method, the superglacial moraine covering type glacier identification has the advantages that the thermal infrared waveband is introduced, the identification on the superglacial moraine covering type glacier is more accurate and efficient, and the results obtained by adopting the method provided by the invention are more reasonable in the aspect of data space resolution ratio resampling.

The invention discloses an early identification method for burst of an ice lake without ice core in a moraine dyke, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: a, judgingwhether a moraine lake without ice core exists in a moraine dyke; b, determining the basic parameters of the moraine lake without ice core through Google Earth; c, calculating a comprehensive discrimination factor T for early identification of the moraine lake without ice core; and d. judging the risk of the moraine lake without ice core according to the comprehensive discrimination factor T for early identification of the moraine lake without ice core. The invention studies the burst mechanism of the moraine lake without ice core in the moraine dyke by analyzing various influence factors, makes comprehensive judgment, establishes an early identification calculation model for burst of the moraine lake without ice core, accurately identifies the dangerous moraine lake without ice core in early stage in a quantitative manner, and greatly improves the accuracy of judgment.

The invention relates to a landscape eco-friendly retaining wall for quickly protecting moraine side slopes and an implementation method of such landscape eco-friendly retaining wall, aiming to overcome the defects of long construction period, high investment and big construction disturbance of existing protection structures such as gravity retaining walls and anchoring slab-pile walls. The landscape eco-friendly retaining wall for quickly protecting the moraine side slopes comprises a foundation slab, a vertical face plate, a plurality of ribbed plates and a plurality of layers of frame beams, wherein the ribbed plates are arranged on the foundation slab at intervals, the frame beams are mounted among the transverse supporting ribbed plates, every frame layer is filled with gravel soil to form a stepped wall body, the face plate faces the protection side slope side, and the ribbed plates and the stepped frame wall bodies filled among the ribbed plates face the back side. The landscape eco-friendly retaining wall for quickly protecting the moraine side slopes is capable of not only protecting the moraine side slopes along highways and railways as well as on the surroundings of towns but also meet landscape ecological beautification requirements of ecologically vulnerable areas of plateaus.

The invention discloses a risk judgment method for an outburst of an ice core-free moraine dam ice lake. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of a, judging an ice core-free moraine lake in a moraine dam; b, determining a basic parameter of the ice core-free moraine lake through Google Earth; c, calculating a risk comprehensive discrimination factor G of the ice core-free moraine lake; and d, grading a risk level of the ice core-free moraine lake by satisfying the basic conditions that alpha is greater than 8 degrees, R is greater than 0.1 and V is greater than 0.75 incombination with the risk comprehensive discrimination factor G of the ice core-free moraine lake, the greater G value, the higher the risk is, and otherwise, the smaller G value, the lower the risk is. According to the risk judgment method for the outburst of an ice core-free moraine dam ice lake, an internal mechanism study is performed by analysis of each influence factor for an ice lake outburst generation process, an ice core-free moraine lake outburst risk calculation model is established, the risk level of the outburst of the ice core-free moraine lake is precisely graded in a quantitative manner, the judgment accuracy is guaranteed and the control effect is beneficially improved.

The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the whole process of moraine lake overtopping burst disasters. The experimental device is provided with a six-in-two system for realizing the synchronous measurement of kinetic parameters, environmental noise vibration signals and imaging parameters in the full life and whole process of triggering, propagation, overtopping, disaster formation and evolution of ice collapse surges in ice lake burst. The experimental device comprises a water supply device, a surge triggerring device, an energy dissipation device, a buffer device, an experimental water tank main body device, a collection device, a synchronous measurement system and a monitoring system. According to the experimental device, the whole process of ice collapse-surge-overtopping-disaster formation can be simulated, the erosion characteristics of a moraine dam in the outburst process can be observed and researched, important parameters such as dynamics and environmental noise in the movement process of debris flow formed by outburst flood can be monitored, and the knowledge gap of the dynamic mechanism of the erosion process of moraine dam in the current study of ice lake burst flood is mainly filled.

The invention relates to a moraine coverage type glacier recognition method combining polarization decomposition and topographic features. Firstly, a coherence matrix T is calculated according to a radar scattering matrix S; polarization decomposition characteristics, local incident angles and included angles delta between radar beams and the slope direction are obtained through polarization decomposition and geocoding, principal components of the multiple polarization decomposition characteristics are analyzed and then combined with the local incident angles to form an image to be classified,and vector files of a small (S) area, a medium (M) area and a large (L) area are obtained through segmentation of delta by taking 60 degrees as a unit. Secondly, the optical image is segmented to obtain a ground class sample vector, and the to-be-classified image is cut to calculate a sample value; and finally, an SVM classification algorithm is executed on the to-be-classified images, and the moraine coverage type glacier is identified. Compared with a traditional method, polarization decomposition characteristics used in the method are closely related to physical attributes of the glacier surface, classification is executed in a partitioned mode, mistaken classification caused by terrains can be effectively weakened, glacier area classification is further refined, and the recognition precision is further improved.

The invention relates to a glacial lake disaster monitoring and early warning method based on multi-source information data. The glacial lake disaster monitoring and early warning method based on multi-source information data includes the steps: combined with interpretation of satellite remote sensing images at different time periods, seepage characteristics of moraine ridge rock soil, glacier tongue gradient, distance of glaciers and glacier tongues from glacial lakes, displacement of glaciers and moraine ridges, glacial lake surface monitoring, climate and hydrological condition monitoring,establishing a numerical model based on the above multi-source information, normalizing each glacial lake outburst risk indicator, and performing preliminary assessment on the possibility of glacial lake collapse through an intelligent algorithm; and performing glacial lake collapse disaster simulation and flood evolution analysis through numerical calculations for the possible disaster conditions, and issuing early warnings based on the simulation calculation results, so as to effectively organize disaster relief and disaster reduction. Combined with various research methods, such as the remote sensing image and interpretation technology, the hydrology and geological monitoring technology, the intelligent algorithm and the numerical simulation technology, the glacial lake disaster monitoring and early warning method based on multi-source information data, has long monitoring service time, can accurately monitor the glacial lake disaster risk indicators and can accurately carry out early warning of the glacial lake disaster and the other advantages.

The invention discloses a method for sectioned construction of an open-off cut of a sharp inclined coal seam. The method comprises the following steps that tunneling is conducted on a small cross section of the upper segment of open-off cut: a chamber is installed at the appropriate position of an air way in advance, a prop withdrawer is installed, undercover processing is conducted on the air way position, ascraper conveyer is arranged, small cross section construction is connected on the upper segment of the open-off cut by adopting a drilling-blasting method from top to bottom, a four-directional supporting technology is adopted to perform downward tunneling for a certain distance, then a track is laid, moraine head coal and gangue are manually charged into a special bottom-discharge mine car, upward lifting is performed to reach an upper opening by utilizing the prop withdrawer, and the coal and gangue are discharged into the scraper conveyer and then is transferred to a coal bunker; a coal discharging channel is conducted at the lower segment of the open-off cut; a coal discharging channel opening position is determined in a machinery tunnel according to the tunneling direction of the upper segment of the open-off cut, construction is performed by adopting a drill machine from bottom to top, the coal discharging channel is completed in a step-by-stepchambering mode, hole protection is performed by adopting a wall protecting device, and a final hole penetrates through the upper segment of the open-off cut; whole brush expansion is conducted on the open-off cut; brush expansion and supporting are conducted on the designed cross section from top to bottom, and the coal and gangue are transported to the machinery tunnel through the coal discharging channel.

The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster investigation, and discloses a method for measuring the modern moraine type provenance of marine glaciers. The method firstly defines the modern moraine-type provenance of the marine glacier, and the moraine-type provenance is abbreviated to moraine-type provenance. The debris flow provenances in southeastern Tibet are different from those in other regions due to the special topography and climatic factors, which directly affect the debris flow activity in this region with the climate change. The method generalizes the geometric model of the valley glacier forming the source of the material based on the field investigation and the remote sensing interpretation, and estimates the glacier volume by obtaining the geometric parameters of the glacier through the remote sensing. The concept of glacier sand content is put forward. Static provenance reserves can be estimated by glacier volume and glacier sand content. Based onthe investigation and estimation of modern moraine-type provenances of marine glaciers in southeastern Tibet, the present invention provides an estimation method for calculating the static reserves of such provenances.

The invention provides a strengthening method for a water-rich glacial drift layer tunnel base and belongs to the field of tunnel engineering. By means of the strengthening method for the water-rich glacial drift layer tunnel base, the bearing force of the tunnel base can be improved, and meanwhile accumulation of water below the base can also be effectively avoided. Different from stirring vibration of transmission, the noise influences of an ultrasonic vibration device on constructors are little; and compared with a traditional vibration manner, the method better facilitates the reaction andgrowth of microorganisms, and the strengthening effect of the water-rich glacial drift layer base is further improved.

The invention discloses a quick updating method for glacier inventories. The method comprises the following steps: with a Landsat image having relatively high quality as a basis, calculating a normalized snow cover index in GEE; setting the threshold value of NDSI to be 0.3, fusing the required Randolph glacier inventory (RGI), generating a buffer area outwards by taking 100 m as a radius, and superposing the buffer area with the NDSI to obtain the boundary of the bare ice area of a glacier; inverting brightness temperature based on the thermal infrared band of Landsat 8, calculating a gradient based on SRTM or ASTER GDEM, and extracting a superglacial moraine area under the conditions that the brightness temperature is less than 10 DEG C and the gradient is less than 24 DEGs to obtain theboundary of the superglacial moraine area; and judging whether the boundary of the buffer area is intersected with the boundary of the glacier or not, and if so, expanding the range of the buffer area until the buffer area boundary is not intersected with the glacier boundary, thereby acquiring the final glacier boundary. According to the quick updating method for glacier inventories, the GEE serves as a platform, the glacier is divided into the bare ice area and the superglacial moraine area for extraction, the advancing glacier is recognized by setting the buffer area with a certain distance, and a large-range glacier inventory is rapidly and accurately updated.

The invention discloses an outburst prevention measure in the wire saw joint-cutting region of a coal seam floor. The measure comprises the steps of 1, ascertaining the occurrence status of a coal seam; 2, respectively digging two cross holes in the coal seam via two drainage lanes different in elevation and arranged up and down, so as to form four mutually parallel and squarely arranged cross holes; 3, conducting the directional drilling operation by a directional drilling machine to communicate every twp adjacent cross holes, and communicating the end moraines of the four cross holes to form a quadrangular channel by four directional drilled holes; 4, guiding wire saws to be located inside the directional drilled holes during the retreating process of the above directional drilling machine after the directional drilling operation and finally connecting the wire saws inside the four directional drilled holes in the series connection manner; 5, installing a wire saw kerf winch on the end moraine of one cross hole at the lower elevation, driving the serially connected wire saws by means of the wire saw kerf winch, and continuously tightening a cutting rope to conduct the lancing operation. The above measure is small in construction workload, short in time duration, low in cost and good in outburst prevention effect.

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing a fluid migration rule in creep deformation of an ice-containing soft rock sample. The device comprises a multi-connected sample tank, an XYZ true triaxial pressure system, a temperature control system, a CT scanner, a plurality of parameter sensors and a data collector. A plate pressurizing device is arranged in the sample tank, the plate pressurizing device is used for applying local pressure or global pressure to a sample in any one of the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction, the plate pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing controller and a pressurizing plate, and the pressurizing plate comprises an upper-end pressurizing plate, a buffer plug and a lower-end pressurizing plate which are connected in sequence. The device and the method provided by the invention not only can really simulate graded loading creep, unloading creep, dynamic load creep and cooling-ice pressing melting creep tests of a moraine-containing layer, frozen soil or hydrate layer, but also can carry out a mechanical parameter analysis test. And rock mechanical structure deformation and damage characteristics can be detected and analyzed through a plurality of test parameters such as permeability, CT detection, acoustic emission, conductivity analysis and the like.

The invention discloses an automatic switch of a pocket floor moraine discharging gate. The automatic switch of the pocket floor moraine discharging gate comprises a main gate body on the gate wall and a pocket floor, a control mechanism on a gate wall dam face, a switching door and a supporting point, wherein the switching door and the supporting point are arranged on the rear side of the main gate body, and a moraine discharging door is arranged at the bottom of the main gate body. The automatic switch is characterized in that a gate chamber doorsill is a cross beam, the surface, connected with the left-falling stroke of the Chinese character 'ren', of the cross beam is a main gate body diagonal upstream, and the surface, connected with the right-falling stroke of Chinese character 'ren', of the cross beam is a switching door diagonal downstream; the control mechanism comprises a cylindrical sleeve shaft, a brake switch, a contracting steel cable, a turning point, a steel cable non-return device and a linkage wheel for contracting of the steel cable; a door body works through rotation of the cylindrical sleeve shaft, the two ends of the shaft are fixed to the gate walls on two sides, and guide water flow on the pocket floor flushes moraine in a buffering mode. The automatic switch of the pocket floor moraine discharging gate has the advantages of being simple in structure, safe, firm and the like.

The invention discloses a pouring method of manual digging pile body concrete by using an anhydrous underwater concrete pouring method. The pouring method of the manual digging pile body concrete by using the anhydrous underwater concrete pouring method is characterized in that the pouring method comprises the following steps of (1) concrete mixing, (2) start of pouring, (3) pouring deep buried control, (4) transformation between vibration-free tamping and vibration tamping and (5) pile head pouring treatment. Compared with a traditional clear water pile pouring method and a dry pile pouring method, the pouring method has the advantages that 1, compared with the traditional dry pile pouring method, the anhydrous underwater concrete pouring method does not require layered pouring and vibration tamping, the risk of artificial operation under a hole is reduced, and the pouring efficiency is improved; 2, compared with the traditional clear water pile pouring method, the anhydrous underwater concrete pouring method does not require to inject water into the hole, the influence on surrounding holes is reduced with a large permeability moraine layer, and the safety is improved; and 3, thevisibility of the anhydrous underwater concrete pouring method is good, and the quality is easy to be guaranteed.

The invention discloses an automatic rotary switch for a double-deck four-hole gate controlled by a single gate pier, which includes a gate wall, a gate on the gate pier and a control mechanism. The rear side of the main gate is also provided with a switch door and a supporting point; the bottom of the main gate It is a moraine gate, and it is characterized in that the gate pier is provided with one, which is located in the center between the gate walls, and the gate walls on both sides of the gate pier are provided with overflow outlets for filtering water surface garbage, and the main gate includes a plane gate with two holes on the upper floor. The two holes in the lower layer of the plane gate are moraine-discharging gates, and there is a horizontal partition between the plane gate and the moraine-discharging gate; the control mechanism includes an automatic control switch set on a gate pier, a gear linked with the plane gate, and a moraine-discharging gate. Interlocking shrinkage cables and gear sets. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient practical control and the like.

The invention relates to the field of geological disaster early warning, discloses an ice-collapsing moraine lake outburst disaster early warning method, and solves the problems that an early warning scheme in the prior art is low in early warning precision and difficult to implement. The method comprises the following steps: S1, calculating topographic parameters of moraine lakes and adjacent upstream glaciers, and screening out moraine lakes which need to be emphatically monitored; s2, calculating a freeze-thaw cycle index and an area accumulated temperature index of a glacier area close to the upstream of the moraine lake which is monitored emphatically; s3, on the basis of the freeze-thaw cycle index and the regional accumulated temperature index obtained through calculation in the step S2, a catastrophe climate judgment factor TG-year is calculated, judgment is conducted through an ice collapse type moraine lake outburst climate judgment model, if the catastrophe climate judgment factor TG-year meets the corresponding catastrophe climate judgment condition, an early warning condition is met, and if not, the early warning condition is not met; and S4, early warning implementation. The method is suitable for rapid early warning of wide-range moraine lake outburst disasters in cold and cold mountainous areas.

The invention discloses an automatic extraction method of a moraine coverage type glacier, which comprises the following steps: 1, preprocessing an optical image of a research area to obtain a multispectral waveband and texture features of the research area; 2, selecting proper topographic data to perform topographic analysis to obtain a slope, a plane curvature and a profile curvature corresponding to the research area; 3, calculating flow displacement characteristics of the research area by using an optical offset method; and 4, performing classification by adopting a random forest algorithm, and obtaining a moraine glacier contour. According to the method, the characteristic that the moraine glacier has fluidity is fully utilized, the optical offset technology is used for solving the flow displacement, then the random forest algorithm is combined for extracting the moraine glacier, the automation degree is high, and the extraction accuracy is high; the random forest algorithm solvesthe problem that the characteristic threshold, the characteristic use sequence and the combination are difficult to determine, and compared with a decision tree, the classification accuracy is improved; the flow velocity is increased, so that the accuracy of moraine glacier boundary extraction is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a method for judging the outburst susceptibility of a moraine lake without moraine embankments, which belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, judging whether the moraine lake is a moraine lake without moraine embankments; b, basic parameters of a moraine lake without moraine embankment burying are determined through the Google Earth; c, carrying out standardization processing on the basic parameters, and calculating a susceptibility comprehensive discrimination factor P of a moraine lake without buried moraine embankment; and d, judging the susceptibility according to the susceptibility comprehensive judgment factor P of the moraine lake without the moraine embankment. The moraine lake outburst mechanism of the moraine-free embankment and the potential ice collapse body are researched, standardized data are adopted, the influence of different parameter value ranges is removed, comprehensive judgment is made, the moraine lake outburst susceptibility of the moraine-free embankment can be effectively determined, and the accuracy of the susceptibility judgment result is greatly improved.

The invention relates to the field of early warning of geological disasters, which discloses an early warning method for glacier-type moraine lake outburst disasters, which solves the problems of low early warning accuracy and difficult implementation in the early warning schemes in the prior art. The method includes: S1. Calculate the topographic parameters of the moraine lake and its adjacent upstream glaciers, and select the moraine lakes that need to be monitored; S2. Calculate the freeze-thaw cycle index of the moraine lakes that need to be monitored in the area adjacent to the upstream glacier. and regional accumulated temperature index; S3, based on the freeze-thaw cycle index and regional accumulated temperature index calculated in step S2, calculate the catastrophic climate determination factor T G‑year , using the ice avalanche type moraine lake outburst climate judgment model to judge, if the catastrophic climate judgment factor T G‑year If the corresponding catastrophic climate judgment conditions are met, the early warning conditions are met, otherwise the early warning conditions are not met; S4, early warning implementation. The invention is suitable for rapid early warning of large-scale moraine lake outburst disasters in alpine mountainous areas.

The invention relates to a geological forecasting method, in particular to an advanced geological forecasting method for a moraine layer tunnel. The method comprises the following steps of: advanced horizontal drilling; collecting information; performing professional judgment which comprises water and mud burst possibility interpretation, high ground temperature possibility interpretation, soft rock deformation possibility interpretation, rockburst possibility interpretation and other geological disease interpretation; designing a unit; performing dynamic design; carrying out construction; and carrying out post-construction confirmation and re-checking on a forecast result. The advanced geological forecasting method for the moraine layer tunnel mainly adopts horizontal drilling for forecasting, is suitable for moraine layers, and is accurate in forecasting and low in cost.

The invention discloses a calculation method for predicting moraine lake outburst flood peak flow. The calculation method comprises the following steps that sorting coefficients of initial surge height, moraine lake water depth, moraine lake length, the length of a moraine dam body saddle part in the water flow direction and moraine dam body composition substances are measured; the factors are combined, dimension is eliminated, and multivariate regression equation analysis is conducted on the factors and the peak flow, and influence coefficients of factor formulas are determined; a prediction and calculation formula (shown in the description) of the moraine lake outburst flood peak flow Qm is obtained, wherein Qm represents the moraine lake outburst flood peak flow m3 / s, A0 represents the initial surge height m, Ld represents the length of the moraine dam body saddle part in the water flow direction m, H0 represents the moraine lake water depth m, L represents the moraine lake length m, Cu is a sorting coefficient and represents the uniformity degree of moraine lake dam body composition, and no dimension exists. The scientificity and accuracy of a moraine lake outburst flood peak flow predicting and calculating basis is greatly improved by adopting the method.