The invention discloses an infrared detection device and method for C4F7N concentration and discharging micro components. The infrared detection device for the C4F7N concentration and the dischargingmicro components comprises a fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a waste gas bottle, the waste gas bottle is connected with a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected with a second switch valve, the fourier transform infrared spectrometer is connected to the end, away from the vacuum pump, of the second switch valve, and the other end of the fourier transform infrared spectrometer is connected with a PC machine. A pressure sensor is connected to the end, close to the second switch valve, of the fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the pressure sensor is connected with a first switch valve, and a gas-collecting bag is connected to the end, away from the pressure sensor, of the first switch valve. A gas distribution meter is connected to the end, away from the first switch valve, of the gas-collecting bag, the gas distribution meter is separately connected with a C4F7N gas bottle, and a carbon dioxide gas bottle and a component gas bottle, the fourier transform infrared spectrometer comprises a long optical path gas pool capable of effectively detecting the concentration and the components, and qualitative analysis can be carried out on the C4F7N discharging micro components accurately.