The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and relates to a recycling and standard-reaching treatment method for rural domestic sewage, which is carried out in a sewage treatment system comprising an anaerobic digestion tank, a reuse tank, a grid sedimentation tank, an adjusting tank, a variable process biochemical tank, a sedimentation tank and a variable process ecological filter bed. The method comprises the following steps: S1, when the liquid level of black water in the anaerobic digestion tank is lower than an overflow limit liquid level, operating in a quality-divided treatment mode, recycling the black water as an efficient liquid fertilizer after anaerobic digestion, and discharging grey water after reaching the standard after treatment; and S2, when the resource reuse demand of the black water is reduced, continuously raising the liquid level of the black water in the anaerobic digestion tank to the limit liquid level of overflow, merging the black water into a grey water treatment system, and switching to a merging treatment mode. According to the invention, cyclic utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium resources of rural domestic sewage is preferentially realized on site, the conventional sewage treatment mode of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is thoroughly changed, cyclic utilization of resources can be truly realized, and the sewage treatment cost is greatly reduced.