The invention discloses a single-frame image three-dimensional reconstruction device and method based on deep learning. The device comprises an upper computer, a support frame and a high-definition camera at the top thereof. Three parallel light LED area light sources in 120 degrees are installed in equal height around the high-definition camera. The method comprises the following steps: shootinga training sample, using images simultaneously irradiated by red green blue lights as input data needed by a training model, taking a gray value of three images successively irradiated by the white light, turning into the single-channel image as a truth-value for the training model, using a deep learning method and the input data, constructing a full linked network model of per-pixels for single-frame image three-dimensional reconstruction, training the model, continuously regulating and optimizing network parameters by using a counterpropagation algorithm, forecasting target surface three-dimensional information, and three-dimensionally re-constructing the result of the network forecast by using a luminosity three-dimensional algorithm, to obtain the object surface three-dimensional information. The method is capable of, through improving the network structure, constructing the network model for the single-frame image three-dimensional reconstruction, and increasing the application scene compared with the multi-frame image three-dimensional reconstruction.