The invention relates to an axial force balance regulation and control device used for performance testing of an axial-flow gas compressor. The axial force balance regulation and control device is designed for regulating and controlling the axial force of a test part rotor during test running of an aero-engine gas compressor component. The axial force balance regulation and control device comprises the compressor 1, a gas storage tank 2, a dryer 4, a pressure regulating valve 5, a solenoid valve 6, a testing unit 7, a test part balance chamber 8 and relevant pipes. The axial force balance regulation and control device is designed into an independent system. The device pipes can be flexibly arranged according to the actual working conditions. In the design process, the axial force balance regulation and control device is required to achieve continuous adjustability of variable working conditions, output stable and clean dry compressed gas and have the functions of rapidly and accuratelyadjusting and rapidly relieving pressure. After the design is completed, during the testing process of the gas compressor component, the axial force of the gas compressor component rotor is effectively balanced, the running state of the rotor is greatly improved during the running process of the test part, the testing risk is lowered, and the testing working efficiency is improved.