The invention discloses a straight cylinder type high-pressure cleaning device and a high-pressure cleaning system. The straight cylinder type high-pressure cleaning device comprises a shell, a driving structure, a circuit structure, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet and a piston, the piston is driven by the driving structure to move linearly and reciprocally so as to introduce fluid into a pressurizing cavity from the fluid inlet and discharge the pressurized fluid from the fluid outlet, the shell is a straight cylinder which is internally provided with a cavity and extends along a straight line,and an axis of the shell and an axis of a power output shaft of the driving structure are coaxial with or parallel to an axis of the piston. According to the device and the system, the shell is cylindrical, the occupied space can be effectively reduced, and miniaturization production of equipment is facilitated. When in use, a user can hold any position of the shell, so that the load of palms andarms of an operator can be effectively reduced, and the use is convenient; and meanwhile, single-hand operation is conveniently realized, the operation flexibility is greatly improved, meanwhile, double-hand operation is not needed, other operations can be carried out by one hand, and the design is more user-friendly.