The invention relates to a natural gas rapid pressure measurement leak detection device and a leak detection method, wherein the leak detection device includes a gas pipeline, the gas pipeline is provided with an opening and closing valve for opening and closing the gas pipeline, the gas pipeline is connected with a three-way pipe, and the three-way pipe One nozzle is a pressure measuring nozzle, and the pressure measuring nozzle is provided with a check valve for opening and closing the pressure measuring nozzle and a plug for blocking the pressure measuring nozzle, and the plug is provided with a plug penetrating from the outer surface of the plug to the inner surface. The threaded hole, the threaded push rod that matches the threaded hole, the threaded sleeve at the end of the pressure measuring pipe mouth is provided with a threaded plug, and the other end of the threaded plug connected with the pressure measuring pipe mouth is connected with a pressure gauge, and the threaded plug is provided with a As the threaded plug moves in the radial direction of the pressure measuring tube mouth, the threaded push rod moves the screw blade in the axial direction of the plug, and the threaded push rod pushes the valve stem on the check valve to move, opening the pressure measuring tube port, and the check valve has The elastic member that makes the check valve elastically return to close the pressure measuring tube port. Realize rapid leak detection, high efficiency, convenience, and resource saving.