54results about How to "Out noise" patented technology

An improved sigma-delta converter includes a post converter filter that receives a digital data stream. The data stream has a digital amplitude and contains quantization noise. Quantization noise is larger for digital amplitudes in a second larger-amplitude range than in a first smaller-amplitude range. The post converter filter has a higher cut-off frequency when the digital amplitude is in the first amplitude range and a lower cut-off frequency when the digital amplitude is in the second amplitude range. The post converter filter therefore filters out a portion of the larger quantization noise when the digital amplitude is larger. Quanitization noise is reduced without limiting the input signal voltage range that can be digitized.

The present invention relates to a novel means to use a fundamental model of the parts of the brain that are dysfunctional in Parkinson's disease, and related dynamical diseases of the brain, as part of a feedback control system to modulate the signs and symptoms of disease. Fundamental computational models that embody our knowledge of the anatomy, neurons, and dynamics of the parts of the brain we wish to control, and use those models to reconstruct what is inaccessible to our measurements. Through emulation the controller synchronizes to the parts of the brain we wish to observe and track. By passing simultaneous control pulses to both the model controller, as well as the brain, we control both the model and the brain. The detailed framework to embed fundamental models of the brain within a control scheme to control symptoms of Parkinsons and related dynamical diseases of the brain are disclosed.

This invention provides a swing-style and high signal-to-noise ratio low coherence interference demodulation devices and the corresponding demodulation method for the measurement of displacement. In the displacement sensing method, the optical path difference, which is built by the light reflections from the reference surface and the test object, varies with the displacement of the test object. When the reflected signal lights is sent to a low coherence polarization interference system, the birefringent wedge formulates a spatial distribution of optical path difference, from which the optical path difference of the reflection signals thus can be demodulated. In the displacement scanning method, the reflected signal lights are collimated and transferred to a time scanner consisting of a rotating mirror and a f-θ lens, to perform thin light beam scanning along the longitudinal direction of a birefringent wedge. This innovation provides two demodulation devices that are both applicable for the measurement methods. One uses a linear camera array and the other uses a linear micropore array and single PIN photoelectric detector, to receive interference fringes. Since the energy of the scanning beam is highly concentrated, the signal-to-noise ratio for low coherence interference signal is significantly higher than that of the traditional devices. In addition, the accuracy of these demodulation devices is significantly improved, because the linear camera array and the linear micropore array maintain a consistent spatial position of the received light spot.

A method for reconstruction of object attenuation density (S(x,y,z)) from X-ray projection image data values (V(pq)) comprises the steps of: representing (11) the object attenuation density by a sum of predetermined continuous harmonics (Hijk(x,y,z)) with unknown coefficients (aijk); relating (12) each of the projection image data values to an integral (S(pq)) of the object attenuation density, and thus to a corresponding sum of sums (aijk*Hijk(pq)) of the predetermined continuous harmonics with unknown coefficients; determining (13) the unknown coefficients (aijk) from the above relation; and reconstructing (14) the object attenuation density by said sum of predetermined continuous harmonics with said determined coefficients. The spatial three-dimensional object attenuation density is found as a continuous function with uniform resolution over all its volume and is shown as a solid three-dimensional body, which can be cut in arbitrary way and shown in continuous motion.