The invention provides an integrated biological 3D printer printing cavity body environment control system and a control method. The system comprises a control module, a ventilating module, a high-efficiency filtering module, a condensing and dehumidifying module, a heating and humidifying module and an air distributing module, wherein the ventilating module, the high-efficiency filtering module,the condensing and dehumidifying module, the heating and humidifying module and the air distributing module are sequentially connected; the air distributing module is arranged at the top of a biological 3D printer printing cavity body, the ventilating module is communicated with the inside of the printing cavity body and the outside of a biological 3D printer, and the ventilating module, the high-efficiency filtering module, the condensing and dehumidifying module, the heating and humidifying module and the air distributing module are all connected with the control module. The system disclosedby the invention can achieve integrated control on temperature, humidity, aseptic environment, air speed, air volume and wind direction in the biological 3D printer printing cavity body; furthermore,the environment in the printing cavity body is kept in a stable state, and a high-accuracy biological 3D printing requirement can be met.