57results about How to "Low combustion temperature" patented technology

To provide a gas generating composition for air bag which is low in toxicity, large in burning rate, and low in combustion temperature. Gas generating compositions comprising (a) melamine cyanurate or a mixture of melamine cyanurate and nitrogen-containing organic compound and (b) oxygen-containing oxidant, and gas generating compositions comprising (c) binder and (d) additive are provided.

In an apparatus having an internal combustion engine, a compressor for compressing engine intake gases, a particulate filter for filtering particulate matter from engine exhaust, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for recirculating exhaust gases from a location downstream of the particulate filter to a location upstream of the compressor, and a particulate filter function detector configured to detect a failure of the particulate filter, a method of operating the engine, including receiving a signal from the particulate filter function detector, comparing the signal from the particulate filter function detector to a predetermined signal threshold, determining if the signal received from the particulate filter function detector meets a predetermined condition relative to the predetermined signal threshold; and reducing a flow of exhaust gas through the EGR system if the signal meets the predetermined condition.

In a homogeneous charge compression-ignited internal-combustion engine, based on information regarding the operational state of the engine, a combustion mode switching discriminator selects a homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion mode if engine operating conditions allow homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion. If not, the combustion mode switching discriminator selects a spark-ignited combustion mode. Immediately after switching from spark-ignited combustion to homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion, a combustion mode switching corrector outputs switching correction values for operating quantities for homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion. The correction values are used to adjust the operating quantities for homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion, and new operating quantities obtained from the adjustments are output as control quantities from a combustion mode selector.

A control system for an internal combustion engine includes a virtual engine model which mathematically represents the states of the engine in real time, but which is programmed to provide the engine's states at least a fraction of an engine cycle (and preferably at least one-fourth of an engine cycle, i.e., one stroke) to several engine cycles in advance of the real engine. The mass flow entering and leaving the cylinder is modeled, allowing parameters such as the mass of air per cylinder (MAC) and residual exhaust gas to be computed, and thereafter used to generate engine control commands related to fuel injection (air / fuel ratio), spark advance, and so forth.

Embodiments for controlling condensate in an engine heat exchanger are disclosed. In one example, a method for an engine comprises increasing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow responsive to condensation in an EGR cooler. In this way, condensate in the EGR cooler may be controlled via modulation of EGR flow.

A method of operating an engine having a turbocharger and a high pressure EGR system is provided. A recirculation valve of the turbocharger's compressor is adjusted along with the throttle at different airflow conditions.

A control system for an internal combustion engine includes a virtual engine model which mathematically represents the states of the engine in real time, but which is programmed to provide the engine's states at least a fraction of an engine cycle (and preferably at least one-fourth of an engine cycle, i.e., one stroke) to several engine cycles in advance of the real engine. The mass flow entering and leaving the cylinder is modeled, allowing parameters such as the mass of air per cylinder (MAC) and residual exhaust gas to be computed, and thereafter used to generate engine control commands related to fuel injection (air / fuel ratio), spark advance, and so forth.

In an apparatus having a diesel engine, a catalytic device in communication with the engine for treating emissions from the engine, and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system having a cooler configured to provide cooled recirculated engine exhaust to an engine intake, and an EGR cooler bypass for providing uncooled recirculated exhaust to the engine intake, a method of regenerating the catalytic device including increasing a flow of uncooled recirculated exhaust provided to the engine intake via the EGR cooler bypass, thereby operating the engine with an increased flow of uncooled recirculated exhaust, and purging the catalytic device of a stored exhaust component while operating the engine with the increased flow of uncooled recirculated exhaust.

Reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides can be achieved if engines are fuelled with mixtures of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas. Storing the gaseous fuels separately is desirable so that the fuel mixture ratio can be changed responsive to engine operating conditions. The present apparatus increases the storage density of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen by storing them in gaseous form at high pressures and at sub-ambient temperatures. A first thermally insulated space for holding a first gaseous fuel in a liquefied form is separated from a second thermally insulated space for holding a second gaseous fuel by a thermally conductive fluid barrier. The second gaseous fuel liquefies at a lower temperature than the first gaseous fuel such that the second gaseous fuel can be stored within the second thermally insulated space in a gaseous form at a sub-ambient temperature.

A method for controlling a compression-ignition internal combustion engine includes the following steps: predefining a setpoint combustion point for the compression-ignition internal combustion engine, predefining a calculation model for calculating a probable deviation of a future cycle of the internal combustion engine from the predefined setpoint combustion point while taking an ascertained actual combustion point of a completed cycle of the internal combustion engine into consideration, predefining a mean deviation for the internal combustion engine, operating the internal combustion engine for a first cycle and ascertaining an actual combustion point of the first cycle, calculating a probable deviation of a second cycle, which occurs after the first cycle, of the internal combustion engine from the predefined setpoint combustion point, comparing the calculated probable deviation of the second cycle to the predefined mean deviation, and ascertaining at least one operating variable for operating the internal combustion engine at least during the second cycle as a function of the comparison. In addition, a control device for controlling a compression-ignition internal combustion engine is described.

A high-temperature-resistant type solid propellant with calcium carbonate as the cooling agent and a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant type solid propellant are used for gas generators, other gas generators and oil field fractures. The high-temperature-resistant type solid propellant is prepared from 8-30% of adhesives, 0-10% of plasticizer, 1-14.1% of curing agents, 25-90% of oxidizing agents, 0-50% of calcium carbonate, 0-2% of additives and 0-5% of combustion regulators. The high-temperature-resistant type solid propellant is high in heat-resistant performance, can not be combusted or exploded after being placed at the temperature of 163 DEG C within 48 h due to the high-temperature-resistant performance, and can meet the use requirements of deep well oil fields; the high-temperature-resistant type solid propellant is few in formula component, simple and feasible in process, stable in production process, reliable in quality, high in formula component compatibility and capable of ensuring that no chemical reactions are generated when stored for a long time and stored at high temperature and high pressure; raw materials are wide in source, the price is low, and the production cost is low; the combustion temperature is low, and the gas yield is high.

In a homogeneous charge compression-ignited internal-combustion engine, based on information regarding the operational state of the engine, a combustion mode switching discriminator selects a homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion mode if engine operating conditions allow homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion. If not, the combustion mode switching discriminator selects a spark-ignited combustion mode. Immediately after switching from spark-ignited combustion to homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion, a combustion mode switching corrector outputs switching correction values for operating quantities for homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion. The correction values are used to adjust the operating quantities for homogeneous charge compression-ignited combustion, and new operating quantities obtained from the adjustments are output as control quantities from a combustion mode selector.

An aerogenic composition used for protecting the passengers in coach and airplane is prepared from fuel, oxidant, ignition improver and adhesive. Its preparing process is also disclosed. Its advantages are high air output and high properties.

Reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides can be achieved if engines are fuelled with mixtures of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas. Storing the gaseous fuels separately is desirable so that the fuel mixture ratio can be changed responsive to engine operating conditions. The present apparatus increases the storage density of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen by storing them in gaseous form at high pressures and at sub-ambient temperatures. A first thermally insulated space for holding a first gaseous fuel in a liquefied form is separated from a second thermally insulated space for holding a second gaseous fuel by a thermally conductive fluid barrier. The second gaseous fuel liquefies at a lower temperature than the first gaseous fuel such that the second gaseous fuel can be stored within the second thermally insulated space in a gaseous form at a sub-ambient temperature.

To provide a gas generating composition for air bag which is low in toxicity, large in burning rate, and low in combustion temperature. Gas generating compositions comprising (a) melamine cyanurate or a mixture of melamine cyanurate and nitrogen-containing organic compound and (b) oxygen-containing oxidant, and gas generating compositions comprising (c) binder and (d) additive are provided.

A venturi flow meter for an EGR apparatus includes an inner wall defining an interior space including a converging inlet section, a throat section, and a diverging outlet section and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall and attached to the inner wall, the outer wall being spaced from the inner wall to define an insulating space between the inner wall and the outer wall.

The invention relates to a gas generating agent composition. The gas generating agent composition comprises fuel, an oxidizing agent, a rare earth metal organic salt and an azotetrazolate nonmetal salt which are used as raw material components. By adding the rare earth metal organic salt and the azotetrazolate nonmetal salt to the fuel and the oxidizing agent, the decomposition temperature of the fuel is ahead of time, the fuel decomposition is promoted, and the combustion rate and the gas production rate are increased; and lots of gases are generated after reaction of the azotetrazolate nonmetal salt with oxides, thus enhancing the ignitability, increasing the combustion rate and reducing the combustion temperature. The gas generating agent composition is capable of effectively improving the ignitability and reducing the combustion temperature, meanwhile does not generate residues and is high in gas generation efficiency, large in gas production rate and fast in combustion rate.

A catalytic filter is provided having a mixture of an SCR catalyst and soot oxidation catalyst where the soot oxidation catalyst is a copper doped ceria, iron doped ceria or manganese doped ceria. The mixture of an SCR catalyst and soot oxidation catalyst provides for a lowering of the peak oxidation temperature for soot removal from the filter. The use of the filter allows for improved soot combustion and reduces the susceptibility of an SCR catalyst contained on a filter to deterioration. The soot oxidation catalyst also improves the resistance of the SCR catalyst to poisoning and subsequent deterioration of SCR performance.

A multi-cylinder engine includes first and second subsets of cylinders. A dedicated-cylinder exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is associated with the second subset of cylinders. A plasma ignition system is disposed in the second subset of cylinders. A controller operates the plasma ignition system to control the plasma igniters to execute plasma discharges in the second subset of cylinders to generate residual exhaust gas, which is recirculated through the dedicated-cylinder EGR system to the intake air system for introduction into intake air.

A fuel supply system attached to the gasoline engine includes a first tank storing a mixture of gasoline and ethanol, a second tank storing water, a microbubble generator connected to the first and second tanks, and a fuel injection valve connected to the microbubble generator. The mixture and the water are mixed in an environment where microbubbles generated by operation of the microbubble generator are supplied. The mixed fuel thus prepared is injected, via the fuel injection valve, into a supply pipe connected to a cylinder block which is included in the gasoline engine. The mixed fuel is then mixed with the air flowing through the supply pipe to be supplied into a combustion chamber. The resulting configuration lowers the combustion temperature in the gasoline engine so as to reduce the amount of NOx contained in exhaust gas.

An engine with an emissions control arrangement includes an engine including an intake and an exhaust system, an EGR system comprising a conduit between the exhaust system and the intake and an EGR controller between the exhaust system and the conduit, the EGR controller being adapted to control EGR flow from the exhaust system to the intake, a reduction agent introduction system adapted to introduce a reduction agent into the exhaust system, and a controller arranged to adjust EGR flow and reduction agent introduction as functions of each other.

A heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger housing with an exhaust gas inlet adapter and an exhaust gas outlet adapter, which encloses and bounds off a flow space for a coolant. The heat exchanger is furthermore configured with platelike heat exchanger elements arranged in parallel with each other and forming exhaust gas flow ducts, through which exhaust gas flows and around which liquid coolant flows. A heat exchanger element comprises two wall elements, which are joined together on opposite side surfaces and are configured with ribs on both surfaces. The ribs are arranged on an inner side and within the exhaust gas flow duct and on an outer side of the heat exchanger element. Adjacent heat exchanger elements arranged with outer sides facing each other are joined together at end faces abutting each other, forming a coolant flow duct having the ribs disposed therein.

The invention provides a chlorine-free low-melting-point thermoplastic gas generating agent and a preparation method thereof. The chlorine-free low-melting-point thermoplastic gas generating agent comprises the following components in percentages by mass: 60 to 80% of an oxidant, 1 to 20% of a cooling agent, 1 to 3% of a combustion regulator, 5 to 10% of a low-melting-point thermoplastic resin adhesive, 1 to 5% of an auxiliary agent and 1 to 10% of a plasticizer. The thermoplastic gas generating agent prepared by using the method provided by the invention is free of metal powder, has a low combustion temperature, has clean gas, and overcomes the disadvantage that a large amount of hydrogen chloride generated in combustion products causes air pollution due to application of ammonium perchlorate in a conventional gas generating agent. The thermoplastic gas generating agent provided by the invention can realize melt-mixing at a low temperature (less than 90 DEG C), greatly improves the preparation safety of a thermoplastic propellant, can realize continuous production and repeated processing of waste products, and reduces production cost.

The invention relates to a system for spraying water into the combustion air drawn into the intake of vehicle and industrial internal combustion engines. The inventive system consists of a preferably-distilled water supply circuit including at least one water container which is provided with a supply mouth and a control cover which is mounted on a frame support. According to the invention, functionally-interconnected elements, which are automatically and externally controlled by an electronic board, are provided on the base of the above-mentioned container, submerged in the fluid therein. The aforementioned elements consist of a filter which is associated with an electromagnetic metering pump by means of connectors and a water delivery conduit section, said pump drawing in and driving a flow of water. One side of the pump is connected to a water flow control valve and the respective manually-controlled calibrated return element thereof by means of connectors and conduit sections. Connectors and conduit sections are used to connect said control valve to a safety valve for interrupting the flow of water and the water path then extends through a conduit section to an outlet connector through which water is released from the container. Outside of the container, the water then passes through a conduit section housing a one-way valve until it reaches a support flange of a sprayer with a drain valve, which is disposed inside the tube used to draw in the stream of combustion air.

The invention provides a low burning temperature pyrotechnic gas generating agent composition. The composition comprises, by mass, 10-55 parts of guanidine nitrate as a burnable agent, 35-70 parts of basic copper nitrate as an oxidant, 3-10 parts of copper iron oxide as a catalyst and a secondary oxidant, 5-20 parts of a cooling agent and 0.1-3 parts of fluorubber as a binder; and the cooling agent is at least one of carbonate, bicarbonate, aluminum hydroxide, dihydroxyglyoxime, diaminoglyoxime and guanidinium azotetrazolate. The composition has the advantages of low burning temperature, high burning speed, high gas generating rate, low concentration of harmful gas, and stable combustion at a low pressure.

Embodiments for controlling condensate in an engine heat exchanger are disclosed. In one example, a method for an engine comprises increasing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow responsive to condensation in an EGR cooler. In this way, condensate in the EGR cooler may be controlled via modulation of EGR flow.

The invention discloses a low-burning-temperature and high-burning-rate solid propellant which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 31-37 percent of 5-amino tetrazole, 60-66 percent of strontium nitrate, 1-3 percent of a burning rate modifier and 0.5-1 percent of a plasticizer. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the low-burning-temperature and high-burning-rate solid propellant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing wet ball-milling by taking the 5-amino tetrazole and the strontium nitrate as raw materials and taking modified nanometer metal oxide as the burning rate modifier, removing a solvent, grinding, forming through mold pressing and then drying till constant weight. The low-burning temperature and high-burning rate solid propellant disclosed by the invention has the benefits that the burning performance of the solid propellant is greatly improved, the preparation process is simple, the operation is easy, the obtained solid propellant is low in burning temperature, high in burning rate, low in burning rate pressure index, low in decomposition temperature and good in thermal stability, a combustion product has good slagability, and the effect of the low-burning temperature and high-burning rate solid propellant is superior to that of a conventional 5-amino tetrazole solid propellant.

The system and methods described allow for reduce emissions by using a recirculation device within an engine that connects an air feed line to an exhaust line while cooling the exhaust-gas to form a condensate for further cooling the engine system. In one particular example, a cooling unit is described that cools the exhaust-gas stream flowing there through and collects a condensate out of the exhaust-gas stream for injection back into the air feed line via an injecting device. In this way, an injection of water may be made to reduce NOx emissions during vehicle operations, and the outlay for storage of water on board the vehicle may be eliminated.