A single-cavity trapped vortex combustor comprises a pressure expander, an inner cartridge receiver, an outer cartridge receiver, a flame tube, a flow guide device, a pre-evaporation device, an oil supply system and a high-energy spark plug, wherein airflow at an inlet of the combustor enters the combustor through the pressure expander, the flame tube is of a single-cavity structure, the inner cartridge receiver, the outer cartridge receiver and the flame tube form an inner duct and an outer duct of the combustor, the flow guide device separates the main flow from the air of the outer duct, air is decelerated and pressurized through the pressure expander, is divided into four paths through the flow guide device and the pre-evaporation device, and respectively enters the main flow, the pre-evaporation device, the inner duct and the outer duct, and the high-energy spark plug is arranged at the bottom of the cavity. The combustion area of the single-cavity trapped vortex combustor is divided into a trapped vortex area and a main combustion area, and the single-cavity trapped vortex combustor further comprises a flame joint supporting plate which transmits flames from a cavity to the main flow.