The invention belongs to the field of aeromagnetic survey, and particularly provides a method and system for improving aeromagnetic data geologic body boundary detection capacity, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining an actually measured or calculated full magnetic gradient tensor data matrix M; s2, calculating according to the full magnetic gradient tensor data matrix M in the step S1 to obtain three characteristic values lambda 1, lambda 2 and lambda 3 of the matrix; s3, calculating according to the full-magnetic gradient tensor data matrix M in the step S1 to obtain a total module value A of the matrix; s4, establishing a boundary detection function E, and obtaining the maximum value max (E) of the E; e = lambda1 * lambda2 * lambda3 * A; and S5, delta max (E) is calculated to obtain a new boundary detection equalization filter iLP, and delta is an adjustment coefficient of equalization depth abnormality. According to the scheme, the method has high resolution, high tilt magnetization resistance and high noise interference resistance, boundary information of aeromagnetic data target geologic bodies with different amplitudes can be balanced, and redundant false boundary anomalies can be avoided. The calculation stability is improved, the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced, and the transverse resolution can also be improved.