The invention discloses a flexible workshop robustness scheduling method based on a decomposition multi-target evolution algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: 1, reading such input information as operation, machine attributes and the like of a flexible operation workshop, defining an optimization object, and setting constraint conditions; 2, initializing parameters of the algorithm; 3, determining an adjacent domain of each subproblem, generating an initial parent group, and determining all Pereto non-dominant solutions from the initial group so as to form an external memory; 4, generating a child group, carrying out mating selection, breeding child individuals by use of an adaptive variation operator and a restoration-based intersection operator, and updating the external memory; 5, by use of the generated child group, updating a current optimal individual of each subproblem, and forming a new parent group; and 6, when it is determined that the individual object evaluation frequency reaches the maximum, outputting the external memory, i.e., a group of Pareto non-dominant flexible operation workshop scheduling solutions, and if the frequency does not reach the maximum, skipping to the fourth step. According to the invention, scheduling tasks in a flexible operation workshop can be rapidly and efficiency realized.