33results about How to "Implementation complexity can be reduced" patented technology

Each of a plurality of flash memory cells is programmed to a respective one of L≧2 threshold voltage states within a threshold voltage window. A histogram is constructed by determining how many of some or all of the cells have threshold voltages in each of two or more of m≧2 threshold voltage intervals within the threshold voltage window. Reference voltages for reading the cells are selected based on estimated values of shape parameters of the histogram. Alternatively, the cells are read relative to reference voltages that define m≧2 threshold voltage intervals that span the threshold voltage window, to determine numbers of at least a portion of the cells whose threshold voltages are in each of two or more of the threshold voltage intervals. Respective threshold voltage states are assigned to the cells based on the numbers without re-reading the cells.

A novel method and apparatus for efficiently coding and decoding data in a data transmission system is described. A concatenated coding scheme is presented that is easily implemented, and that provides acceptable coding performance characteristics for use in data transmission systems. The inventive concatenated channel coding technique is well suited for small or variable size packet data transmission systems. The technique may also be adapted for use in a continuous mode data transmission system. The method and apparatus reduces the complexity, cost, size and power consumption typically associated with the prior art channel coding methods and apparatuses, while still achieving acceptable coding performance. The present invention advantageously performs concatenated channel coding without the necessity of a symbol interleaver. In addition, the present invention is simple to implement and thereby consumes much less space and power that do the prior art approaches. The present invention not only eliminates the need for a symbol interleaver between the outer and inner codes, but it also enjoys a drastically reduced implementation complexity of the inner code Viterbi decoder. The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an inner code having short length block codes derived from short constraint length convolutional codes utilizing trellis tailbiting and a decoder comprising four four-state Viterbi decoders having a short corresponding maximum length. The inner code preferably comprises short block codes derived from four-state (i.e., constraint length 3), nonsystematic, punctured and unpunctured convolutional code. One significant advantage of the preferred embodiment of the present concatenated coding technique is that packet data transmission systems can be designed to have variable coding gains and coding rates.

In the field of communications, a method, a system, and a device for implementing service forwarding are disclosed. The method includes: establishing an optical network tunnel between data communication devices; triggering physical interfaces of the data communication devices directly connected to an optical network to start a link layer protocol after the optical network tunnel is successfully established; performing, by the data communication devices, link layer negotiation through the optical network tunnel according to the link layer protocol; setting a link layer state between the data communication devices and a physical state of the physical interfaces to be valid after the link layer negotiation is performed successfully; and implementing, service forwarding, by the data communication devices through the optical network tunnel after the link layer state and the physical state of the physical interfaces are set to be valid. In this way, Internet Protocol (IP) / Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) service forwarding of the data communication devices is implemented, implementation complexity of bearing the IP / MPLS service over a Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching User-Network Interface (GMPLS UNI) tunnel is reduced, reconstruction on an IP / MPLS control plane and a forwarding plane is decreased, and forwarding performance is improved.

A transmission method comprises: generating a transmission signal including OFDM symbols, wherein the last OFDM symbol of the OFDM symbols can be partitioned into four segments, and wherein the generating includes: computing an initial padding factor value associated with one of the four segments and computing an initial number of OFDM symbols; determining a user with a longest packet duration among plural users; determining a common padding factor value being the initial padding factor value and a common number of OFDM symbols being the initial number of OFDM symbols of the determined user with the longest packet duration; adding pre-FEC padding bits toward one of four possible boundaries of the last OFDM symbol, the one of four possible boundaries being represented by the determined common padding factor value; and adding post-FEC padding bits in remaining segment(s) of the last OFDM symbol; and transmitting the generated transmission signal.

A network abstraction gateway includes at least one abstracted network interface for connectivity with an abstracted network wherein a user has an abstracted endpoint having a first identity in the abstracted network; a communication system interface for connectivity with at least one user's communication system and exposing abstracted endpoint behavior via a second identity in the user's communication system; means adapted to register a one-to-one relationship between the first identity and the second identity; means for extracting behavior of the abstracted endpoint; and endpoint abstraction means adapted to abstract the abstracted endpoint in the user's communication system via an endpoint abstraction using the second identity. The endpoint abstraction is responsive to behavior of the abstracted endpoint and is adapted to implement at least one feature and / or state of the user's communication system and to bi-directionally map the behavior of the abstracted endpoint.

The embodiments provide a multi-stage phase estimation method and apparatus. The apparatus is a multi-stage phase estimation configuration. Each stage of the phase estimation configuration includes metric computation modules. Each of the metric computation modules computing a distance metric and search phase angles according to an input signal and an initial search phase angle or a search phase angle of the former stage phase estimation configuration. The number of the metric computation modules is equal to that of the search phase angles of this stage. A selection module selects the search phase angle corresponding to the minimal distance metric as the phase estimation result output of this stage according to the computation results of all metric computation modules. The average time window length of the former stage phase estimation configuration is larger than that of the subsequent stage phase estimation configuration.

Methods and apparatus are provided for managing interference in a wireless backhaul network comprising a plurality of hubs, each hub serving a plurality of remote backhaul modules (RBM), using power control with a one-power-zone (OPZ) constraint. Each hub uses a transmit frame structure comprising a plurality of zones, each RBM is scheduled on a different zone, and the same power level is maintained across all zones within a transmit frame. Under the OPZ constraint, and for scheduling policies under which the number of zones assigned to each RBM is fixed, the power and scheduling sub-problems are decoupled. This enables power control independent of scheduling, using methods having lower computational complexity. Methods are disclosed comprising iterative function evaluation or Newton's method approaches based on a weighted sum-rate maximization across the network, which can be implemented in a distributed fashion. Some of the methods can be implemented asynchronously at each hub.

The present invention defines signaling required for separating a network entity (NE) responsible for mobility management (MM) and session management (SM), which are main function of a control plane (CP) in a next generation (NextGen) mobile communication system, and presents a basic procedure for providing mobile communication services including the signaling. Therefore, complexity of core equipment responsible for the CP is reduced in order to implement a network slice function and provide various levels of mobility, and an effect of minimizing a signaling load therebetween can be obtain. In addition, it is possible to efficiently manage the resources of a base station (radio access network (RAN)) and a user plane network entity (UP NF).