The invention discloses an asynchronous data exchange method and an asynchronous data exchange system, which belong to the technical field of data exchange. In the prior art, data transmission among computers or among computer networks is executed by a transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP), the supported transmission format is relatively singular, and the security of file transmission is relatively low. In the method and the system of the invention, a non-IP data exchange channel is established between a data sender and a data receiver, the data sender sends data to the data receiver through the non-IP data exchange channel, and after receiving the data, the data receiver judges the type of the data, calls the corresponding data processor for processing according to the data type, and after the treatment, feeds a processing result back to the data sender. In the invention, the data is not exchanged by the TCP / IP, so that the security of the data exchange is improved.