The invention discloses a device and a method for evaluating the influences of the sudden change of the
working fluid temperature on the
mechanical integrity of a pit shaft. The device comprises a test main body and a working platform, the working plate comprises a computer, the computer is provided with a
pressure temperature control terminal, the test main body comprises a support and a kettle body, a simulated surrounding rock-
cement ring-cannula
assembly is arranged in the kettle body, and the kettle body is provided with a gas feeding and discharging pipeline. The method comprises the following steps: filling an annular space with
cement, waiting for setting the
cement to form a ring in order to form the simulated surrounding rock-cement ring-cannula
assembly, changing the experiment temperature and the experiment pressure according to different downhole conditions, measuring the
radial displacement of a cannula by a foil gauge, measuring the circumferential displacement of the simulated surrounding rocks by a circumferential displacement meter, and using a
high pressure gas on the end surface of the cement ring to evaluate the failure or not of the sealing of the cement ring. The device and the method have the advantages of reliable principle, simplicity in operation, real
simulation of the circulation of a
drilling fluid, increase of the influences of the instantaneous reduction of the temperature, caused by the injection of a large amount of a low temperature fluid to the pit shaft during working, on the cannula cement ring, and provision of theoretic basis for the researches of the
mechanical integrity of the pit shaft.