The invention discloses a solid-state lithium battery with a high-temperature explosion-proof protection structure, and a manufacturing method thereof. The solid-state lithium battery comprises a limiting assembly, a solid-state lithium battery body, a U-shaped frame, an explosion-proof membrane, a cooling fin, a negative pole, a bottom plate, a positive pole, a top cover, a radiator, a heat conduction column, a heat conduction fin, a heat conduction plate, a sealing cover, a limiting seat, a screw rod, a first explosion-proof needle, a second explosion-proof needle and a connecting plate. According to the solid-state lithium battery, through the arrangement of the explosion-proof membrane, the first explosion-proof needle and the second explosion-proof needle, the pressure relief treatment on the swelled solid-state lithium battery is facilitated; and meanwhile, the heat dissipation treatment on the solid-state lithium battery body is facilitated by utilizing the installation of the cooling fin, the heat conduction column, the heat conduction fin and the radiator, so that the service life is prolonged; and meanwhile, the limiting block is located in the through hole formed in the limiting seat, so that the sealing cover and a containing box are relatively fixed, the solid-state lithium battery body is fixed, a traditional fixing mode is changed, and the solid-state lithium battery is convenient to disassemble, assemble and maintain.