The invention discloses a spin labeled fluorescent probe with single electron structure. The spin labeled fluorescent probe with single electron structure is prepared by the following method: (1) adding rhodamine B and 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6,-tetramethyl-piperidine nitrogen oxygen free radical into a reaction solvent dichloromethane, adding 4-dimethylaminopyridine to carry out reaction for 20min, then adding N, N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, carrying out reaction at room temperature under argon protection for 24h; and (2) at the end of the reaction, removing the solvent, and subjecting the remaining materials to column chromatography separation: adopting dichloromethane / methanol=20 / 1 (v / v) as the eluant, taking 200-mesh neutral alumina as the stationary phase, collecting eluent, and removing the eluate. The spin labeled fluorescent probe with single electron structure provided by the invention has good cell permeability and low cytotoxicity, can be used for detection of intracellular hydroxyl radicals, mercapto free radicals and, cellular redox environment and oxidation resistance evaluation research of polyphenolic antioxidants.