The invention relates to a common
optical path interference detecting device based on synchronous
carrier phase shift and a detecting method of the common
optical path interference detecting device, which belong to the
optical field and solve defects in the prior art. The common
optical path interference detecting device comprises an optical source, a polarizing film, a collimation and beam expansion
system, two
lambda / 4 wave plates, an object to be detected, a rectangular window, a first lens, a one-dimensional period optical
grating, a second lens, a polarizing film set, an
image sensor and a computer. The detecting method comprises the steps that the
light source is turned on, light beams emitted by the
light source are subjected to collimation and beam expansion through the polarizing film and the collimation and beam expansion
system to form parallel polarized light beams, the parallel polarized light beams sequentially pass through the first lens, the one-dimensional period optical
grating and the second lens to generate
diffraction light beams of 0 level and + / -1 level after passing through the two
lambda / 4 wave plates, the object to be detected and the rectangular window, the
diffraction light beams generate interference on the surface of the
image sensor after being filtered through the polarizing film set, two interference image samples are obtained by splitting interference images acquired by the computer according to the sizes of small windows of the rectangular window, and the phase distribution of the object to be detected is obtained through computation.