The invention discloses a negative pressure suction type tumor resection device which comprises a workbench, a transverse plate, a supporting leg pipe and a negative pressure shield, the workbench is provided with a side baffle, an air cylinder and a reinforcing rib, the transverse plate is provided with a negative pressure pipe, a first handle and a second handle, the first handle is provided with a first switch, the second handle is provided with a second switch, and a sliding rod is arranged on a telescopic rod of the air cylinder. The lower end of the negative pressure pipe is connected with a negative pressure shield, the negative pressure shield is provided with a groove opening, a sealing ring and an observation plate, the supporting leg pipe is provided with a sliding cavity and trundles, an adjusting rod is arranged in the sliding cavity in a sliding and sleeved mode, a sliding partition plate and a reset spring are arranged in the sliding cavity, and a sliding groove is formed in the adjusting rod. The overall stability of tumor negative pressure excision is improved, the phenomenon of infection caused by exposure in the process of negative pressure tumor excision is avoided, the practicability of tumor excision is improved, the situation of the process of negative pressure suction tumor excision is conveniently observed in real time, and the situation that the tumor is collided by foreign objects during negative pressure suction tumor excision is avoided.