The cerebral operating robot system based on optical tracking and closed-loop control for receiving medical image information, detecting and determining disease focus position, assisting operation plan and performing operation guidance is one closed-loop pose measuring and real-time feedback controlling robot system comprising one computer, one five-freedom robot, one optical tracking device and one passive marker. The passive marker is mounted in the end of the five-freedom robot, and the five-freedom robot includes one mechanical arm and one mechanical arm controller. The operation plan assisting and operation guiding software includes a digital image inputting and pre-treating module, a disease focus extracting and 3D reconstructing module, an operation planning module, and an operation executing module. The present invention has the advantages of raised precision, low cost, simplified calibration process, etc.