The invention discloses an on-
orbit self-calibration device of a space
laser communication terminal and a calibration method of the on-
orbit self-calibration device. The on-
orbit self-calibration device comprises a
beacon light emitting end, a
first light splitting piece, a
relay branch, a color separation piece, an
optical antenna, a first reflecting mirror, a
beacon light receiving end, a signallaser emitting end, a second light splitting piece, a second reflecting mirror and a
signal laser receiving end. An all-optical reflecting
prism is connected to an
optical antenna, a transmitting
optical path is returned to a receiving
system of the all-optical reflecting
prism along the original path, and relative deviation positions and deviation values of
beacon light and
signal laser transmitting and receiving optical axes of a laser communication terminal are subjected to rapid self-calibration.
Optical axis deviation calibration is realized without cooperation of a ground
optical communication system and other on-orbit
satellite laser communication terminals, and rapid mutual positioning and tracking of the laser communication terminals are ensured through a deviation value
algorithm compensation mode; and the labor, time, difficulty and cost of the debugging stage of the laser communication terminal during on-orbit operation of the
satellite are greatly reduced.