The invention relates to the field of use methods of medical devices, and in particular, relates to a human-computer safety interaction system and method of a clinical lithotomy position target particle implantation robot, wherein the system includes a robot initialization work module, a safe needle feeding control module, a target particle implantation path planning module, and a decision-makingexecution module. The method comprises the following specific use steps: S1, robot initialization; S2, displacement; S3, needle feeding control; S4, operation; S5, target position determination; S6, needle feeding; S7, patient target data reading; S8, optimal path; S9, automatic implantation; S10, obtaining of an optimal path loading unit; S11, plane movement; S12, detection; S13, target confirmation; and S14, execution of the unit. Through joint use of the robot initialization work module, the safe needle feeding control module, the target particle implantation path planning module and the decision-making execution module, the safe interaction, safety, stability and high accuracy of the particle implantation process of the target particle implantation robot can be achieved.