The invention discloses an endoscope operating sheath for urological surgery. The endoscope operating sheath comprises a core rod which can be arranged in the endoscope operating sheath to axially slide relative to the endoscope operating sheath. The core rod is internally provided with a guide wire passage, a water injection passage and an image passage, and the guide wire passage, the water injection passage and the image passage extend from the rear end to the front end of the core rod. An endoscope handle is provided with a guide wire connector, a water injection connector and an endoscope connector for guiding a guide wire, water and an endoscope into the guide wire passage, the water injection passage and the image passage respectively. The endoscope operating sheath and the core rod enter a human body along the guide wire, the core rod is drawn out after reaching a lesion part, then a flexible cystoscope is put in the endoscope operating sheath, and the endoscope operating sheath and the flexible cystoscope are operated to observe the lesion part and cooperate with surgical instruments for performing the surgery. The method is simple and easy to operate, and the endoscope operating sheath can be widely applied to renal pelvis and renal caliceal calculi surgery to serve as a visible ureterectasia sheath and is applicable but not limited to cardiovascular intervention, gynecology department, thyroid gland and mammary gland department, neurosurgery department and orthopedics department and other unmentioned related clinical medical fields.