The invention relates to specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for detecting various serotype pathogenic bacteria of legionella pneumophilia, a method for quickly detecting by adopting a multi-PCR kit, and application. The kit comprises 10*PCR reaction liquid, MgCl2, dNTP, primers, and DNA polymerase; wherein the sequences of the primers is one or both of (1) and (2), wherein (1) wzt or wzm specific nucleotide sequences of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 4, 6, 10 and 13; and (2) complementary DNA sequences of DNA sequences selected from (1). The primers have high practicability for wzt specific nucleotide of common legionella pneumophila serogroups, and a PCR kit, a gene chip or a microarray comprising the nucleotide; and the PCR kit is easy and convenient to prepare, short in detection period, high in speed and accuracy, and strong in operability, detection cost is reduced, and the PCR kit is suitable for industrial production.