284 results about "Groundwater flow" patented technology

A probe for monitoring groundwater flow seepage velocity and direction has an electrical heater and a plurality of temperature sensors located equidistant from the heater. The probe with the heater and temperature sensors is lowered into a monitoring well and positioned so as to be immersed in the groundwater. Energy is sent to the heater, and the temperature response at the temperature sensors is measured and recorded. From the measured response to temperature, the groundwater flow velocity and direction are computed and recorded. The temperature sensors may be resistance temperature detectors, thermocouples, or any other state-of-the-art temperature sensing device.

Provided are, among other things, systems, methods and techniques for generating energy. According to one representative embodiment, a main housing includes an air chamber having an open bottom, and a paddlewheel is attached to the main housing so that the paddlewheel is free to rotate and thereby generate kinetic energy. An anchor is attached to the main housing, and an electrical generator which converts the kinetic energy of the paddlewheel into electrical energy is coupled to the paddlewheel. An upper portion of the paddlewheel is enclosed by the air chamber. When the main housing is submerged underwater and maintained in a level orientation, air within the air chamber remains trapped within the air chamber, thereby reducing resistance to rotation of the paddlewheel.

The invention discloses a method for determining in situ injection repair diffusion radiuses of contaminated soil and underground water. According to the method, points are distributed according to a triangle method, pitch-row is designed to be perpendicular to the flowing direction of the underground water, array pitch is in the flowing direction of the underground water, and the flow expansion of a repair reagent in the underground water within the reaction effective time is taken into account. The method comprises three steps: firstly, observation method: the repair reagent and a definite proportion of bromide ion serving as tracers are simultaneously injected into an aqueous stratum in the condition of high pressure whirl spraying injection. The diffusion of the reagent is judged by observing the phenomena of grout return and grout leaking between adjacent injection points; secondly, bromide ion tracer method: after the completion of injection, underground water depth setting rapid sampling is performed, the concentration of the tracers is rapidly detected in field, and the concentration of the bromide ion in the underground water is compared with a background value; thirdly, bromide ion tracer method and observation method: the optimum diffusion radiuses are determined through synthetic judgment. The method is applied to optimal design of diffusion radiuses and hole arrangement parameters and monitoring of injection effect in soil and underground water in situ injection tests and repair construction.

The invention relates to a chromium pollution soil in-situ leaching treatment method which is implemented in a way that: the periphery of the soil region in need of leaching treatment is provided with a plurality of groundwater extraction wells; water is sprayed on the ground to leach the polluted soil; the hexavalent-chromium-containing leaching water enters the groundwater; and under the control of a groundwater flow field, the hexavalent-chromium-containing leaching water is sucked to the ground surface; and the water is treated and recycled for ground spraying leaching. The hexavalent chromium content of the soil treated by the method can be reduced from 1000mg / kg to less than 100mg / kg.

The invention discloses an application method of an indoor simulation device for the migration and the conversion of pollutant in an artificial shore zone. According to the invention, in the lateral supply direction of a three-dimensional seepage groove, ground water is supplied on one side where a stream flows to simulate the boundary condition of the groundwater flow in a field zone; reasonably proportioned solution is supplied on the other side to simulate the seawater in a coastal zone; and the interaction of salt water and fresh water realizes the real simulation of seawater and terrestrial water. By adopting the device provided by the invention, the physical simulation of the artificial shore zone is simulated to the greatest extend, a large-scale artificial coastal zone is downsized to a small-scale indoor physical simulation device under the guidance of geometric similarity theory, the comprehensive influences of adjustable water level height, saltwater and fresh water interaction, waves, rainfall and external contamination are comprehensively considered, the real simulation of the artificial coastal zone is ensured, and a foundation is laid for the numerical simulation of the artificial coastal zone and the late pollution abatement.

The invention provides a multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator, which comprises a simulation groove, a pressure measurement device, water head adjustment devices and a rainfall device, wherein the simulation groove comprises a seepage groove, an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank which are positioned on two sides of the seepage groove; front and back sides of the seepage groove are respectively provided with uniformly distributed sampling holes and pressure measurement holes, and the pressure measurement holes are connected with the pressure measurement device; two water head adjustment devices correspond to the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank respectively, and each water head adjustment device comprises a bracket, an overflow box, a water pipe and a lift rod; the rainfall device is positioned above the seepage groove, rainfall holes are uniformly distributed on a pipeline of the rainfall device; and one end of the pipeline is sealed, and the other end of the pipeline is connected with a water source. The multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator can simulate an underground waterflow system of a plurality of aquifers and aquitards, is convenient in measurement, and has small error.

The invention relates to a soil remediation method, which comprises the following steps that: 1) a liquid injecting well for injecting chitosan leacheate through a pump is arranged in a soil polluted area, the chitosan leacheate enters the inside of polluted soil through the liquid injecting well, soil percolate seeps through underground water, and heavy metal active ingredients in the soil and the underground water are eluted by the chitosan leacheate to form stable chitosan-metal chelate; and 2) a permeable reactive barrier filled with active substances is constructed in a direction which is vertical to the flow direction of the underground water at the periphery of the liquid injecting well, the soil percolate and the polluted underground water flow through the permeable reactive barrier filled with the active substances, and polluted substances such as the chitosan-metal chelate and the like in the soil and the underground water are removed. Through the soil remediation method, heavy metals in the soil can be effectively removed, a polluted underground water system can be remediated, and most of the heavy metals contained in the soil and the underground water can be gathered in the active substances of the permeable reactive barrier, so that the heavy metals can be recycled. The heavy metal content of the remediated soil and the water quality of the percolate passing through the reactive barrier meet the corresponding national standard.

The invention discloses an in-situ remediation system and method for synergistically removing organic pollutants of soil and underground water. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly injecting chemical oxidants in chemical oxidant mixing storage tank into the soil and the underground water; generating high-temperature steam through a steam generator, and injecting the high-temperature steam into the soil and the underground water; starting a vacuum pump to extract gas from a vacuum extraction well, forming negative pressure in the well, and promoting desorption of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from the soil; and treating and discharging the volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds through a gas-liquid separation tank and an activated carbon adsorption tank. The high-temperature steam heat can activate the chemical oxidants so that degradation and removal of the organic pollutants in the underground water can be further accelerated, the underground water organic pollutants which are not completely degraded are further adsorbed, intercepted and degraded through an iron carbon adsorption permeation wall, so that the purpose of synergistically remediating the soil and the underground water is achieved, and secondary pollution of the soil and the underground water is avoided.

A method for determining the diffusion radius of in-situ injection and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. According to the triangle method, the hole spacing is perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, the row spacing is along the groundwater flow direction, and the flow diffusion in the groundwater during the effective time of the remediation agent reaction is considered. Under high pressure rotary injection, the remediation agent and a certain proportion of bromide ions are simultaneously injected into the aquifer as a tracer. The diffusion of the agent is determined by observing the phenomenon of slurry-returning and slurry-channeling of adjacent injection points. After the completion of the injection, the groundwater is quickly sampled in fixed depth, the tracer concentration is quickly detected on site, and the concentration of bromide ions in the groundwater is compared with the background value. Comprehensive determination determines the optimal diffusion radius.

The invention relates to an underground water in-situ restoration system which is characterized by comprising a vertical impermeable wall arranged along the periphery of the polluted zone, wherein the vertical impermeable wall is in a semi-closed structure; the opening of the vertical impermeable wall is provided with a multi-treatment-unit reaction grid; the multi-treatment-unit reaction grid is arranged on the front edge downstream the underground water pollution stream and is perpendicular to the underground water flow; and the upstream and downstream of the multi-treatment-unit reaction grid are respectively provided with an underground water monitoring well for determining the change conditions of water level and water quality before and after underground water restoration. The system can overcome the defects of narrow restoration range, high clogging tendency, single treated pollution component and the like of the traditional continuous reaction wall in engineering application, can effectively restore underground water pollution streams with multiple pollutant components and complicated underground flow field, and can monitor the dynamic changes of water level and water quality of underground water in real time, thereby periodically cleaning and replacing the reaction medium in the treatment unit reaction grid.

The invention discloses a method for treating underground sewage, in particular for the underground water which is polluted by nitrobenzene and aniline. The original restoration of the underground water with chemical and biological combination reaction wall is adopted in the method. The upper reach of the flowing underground water is provided with a chemical reaction wall, and a biological reaction wall is arranged below the chemical reaction wall with a certain distance away. The chemical reaction wall consists of nonvalent ferrum and active carbon at a certain proportion, and the biological reaction wall consists of the attached nitrobenzene degradation bacteria and the attached aniline degradation bacteria biological active carbon. The nitrobenzene is reduced to be the degradable nitrobenzene through the chemical reaction wall, and the nonvalent ferrum is good in the removal of the nitrobenzene organism which is difficult in degradation, so the chemical reaction wall has good applicability and can achieve 120-minute reaction time and the 97.4 percent of the reduction rate for the nitrobenzene. The production of the biological reaction wall with the biological active carbon is good in the removal of the target pollutant. The work of the biological reaction wall for 36 days can achieve more than 98.83 percent of the degradation rate for the nitrobenzene with the preliminary density of 300.89mg / L, and the work of the biological reaction wall for 71 days can achieve more than 99.6 percent of degradation rate.

The invention discloses a construction process of four-fold tube stratum decompression type double liquid jet grouting in the construction project technology field, which comprises the following steps that firstly forming a drilling lance boom with four-fold coaxial steel tubes, arranging passages in the inner portion of a multifunctional injector, which is relative to the four-fold tube of the drilling lance boom, installing two nozzles on the upper portion and the lower portion of the lateral side of the injector, secondly positioning, thirdly drilling holes, fourthly conducting jet grouting and injecting plaster, coaxially spraying compressed air and high-pressure cement plaster by the nozzles on the upper portion of the injector, and coaxially spraying high-pressure cement plaster and low-pressure accelerator serum by nozzles on the lower portion of the injector, wherein the low-pressure serum is externally coated on the high-pressure cement plaster, which are mixed with earth at the moment of being sprayed out in order to fast solidify soft ground, and fifthly conducting jet grouting to the design height, closing the valve for transporting fluid, and shifting a driller. The construction process solves the problems that the jet grouting solidification is hard to be conducted under the station of underground water flowing and jet grouting pile with large diameter and horizontal jet grouting solidification are hard to form. The invention reduces pressure for stratum through absorbing out waster mud water in the drilling and jet grouting process, and reduces the affect to the periphery.

The invention discloses a method for in-situ bioremediation of pollution caused by chlorohydrocarbon of underwater, which specifically comprises a coupling process of anaerobic reductive dechlorination and aerobiotic oxydative degradation. An anaerobic reaction area and an aerobiotic reaction area are established in the front and back of a chlorohydrocarbon pollution area along the flowing direction of underwater in a zone of saturation. Poly-chlorohydrocarbon (trichloro or tetrachloro) in the anaerobic reaction area is quickly reduced and dechlorinated to low chlorohydrocarbon (monochloro or bichloro), the low chlorohydrocarbon is transferred to the aerobiotic reaction area and oxidized and degraded to products such as carbon dioxide. The anaerobic reaction area is realized by providing electron donor materials, a deoxidant and a reducer through the injection of an injection well, while the aerobiotic area is realized by aeration toward underground water.

The invention discloses a monitoring system for the migration of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the hydrologic cycle process of farmland soil. The monitoring system is provided with a water supplying system, a soil holding pool, a water head and water level control system, a soil solution collector, a bottom frame and a slope regulator, wherein a water inlet pool and a water outlet pool of the water head and water level control system are respectively arranged near two wide side walls of the soil holding pool and share the side walls together with the soil holding pool, holes are respectively formed in the shared side walls, water level / water head control holes are respectively formed in the outer side walls of the water inlet pool and the water outlet pool, baffle plates are respectively arranged on the outer side walls of the water inlet pool and the water outlet pool, a nozzle of the water supplying system is positioned above the soil holding pool, collecting tanks of the soil solution collector are embedded in soil in the soil holding tank, and head sections and tail sections of the two adjacent collecting tanks in each line are positioned in the same plane, the soil holding pool, the water inlet pool and the water outlet pool are integrally placed on the bottom frame, and the slope regulator is arranged under the bottom frame. According to the monitoring system, the elements of the nitrogen the phosphorus and the like in the vertical infiltration process of soil water in different soil layers can be monitored, and the elements of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the like in a shallow groundwater flowing process can be monitored.

The invention discloses a method for measuring a karst underground water migration path by taking sugars as tracers. The method particularly includes the steps: arranging and designing a launching trap and a monitoring well; pre-treating the tracers; throwing the tracers; determining a water flow direction; determining the flow speed of underground water; determining the throwing quantity of the tracers; throwing the tracers into the launching trap; sampling and detecting the tracers in the monitoring well; analyzing the underground water migration path according to results. The sugars are used as the tracers for detecting the flow speed and the flow direction of the karst underground water and are non-toxic, pollution-free, low in natural background value, free of interference, stable in chemical performance, easy in detection, high in sensitivity and low in cost, the migration direction of the underground water is not changed, environmental pollution is avoided, and harm to health of operators is also avoided.

The invention relates to a method for detecting the flow speed and the flow direction of groundwater by using the temperature as a tracer and a measuring device. The invention adopts a linear heat source, voltage is exerted on the linear heat source so that the linear heat source can generate the heat, a plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the same circumference around the heat source at equal intervals, the values and the time of the temperature received by each probe are different under the effect of the water flow, the temperature received by the probes at the downstream of the heat source is higher than that received by the probes at the upstream of the heat source, the values of the received temperature are used for judging the flow direction of the groundwater, the value of the flow speed of the groundwater is relevant with the time of temperature change received by the probes, and the value of the flow speed of the groundwater is calculated through the time duration from the electrification initiation to the measured temperature change.

The invention provides a real-time monitoring method and a real-time monitoring system for velocity and direction of underground water current. The real-time monitoring system comprises a sleeve, a probe, a cable and a ground control system. A flexible pipe is arranged in the probe in a vertical direction. One end of the flexible pipe is fixed and the other end is provided with a swing ball which bears a circle resistance of underground water. Furthermore the circle resistance functions on the flexible pipe, thereby generating flexible deformation of the flexible pipe. Through an electronic compass and a light-sensitive component, a horizontal-direction displacement of the swing ball under the function of the circle resistance and a deflection direction (horizontal flow direction of the underground water) in a horizontal plane are measured. The real-time monitoring method and the real-time monitoring system are based on fluid mechanics (hydraulics) and mechanics-of-materials theories, and the circle resistance which is bear by the swing ball, the horizontal-direction velocity of the underground water, and the horizontal displacement of the swing ball satisfy a certain functional relationship, thereby obtaining the horizontal-direction velocity of the underground water through calculation.

Carbon dioxide from a process which oxidizes a carbon containing feed is separated and reduced to carbon monoxide using a carbon dioxide reduction reactor [22, 26] coupled to a water gas shift reactor [14], to simultaneously reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increase the product yield of clean fuels. In the preferred underground carbon gasification application, these reduction and shift reactions are substantially promoted by utilizing temporary [24] and permanent storage [28] of the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide coupled with cyclic operational procedures. Additional advantages include carbon dioxide sequestration, removal of contaminants from the groundwater affected by the process and the ability to influence groundwater flow patterns to improve gasification efficiency and reduce potential environmental effects.

The invention belongs to the research field of geological disaster mechanism, and discloses a method for simulating the catastrophic evolution of overlying karst collapse based on the discrete elementmethod. The mechanism of overlying karst collapse and the catastrophic evolution process are analyzed by using the discrete element method. The whole process of karst collapse is revealed from the microscopic angle, including: crack formation, particle spalling, soil cavity formation, soil cavity expansion, overburden collapse and so on. The displacement of overburden soil particles, the development trend of cracks and the variation of system unbalance force are analyzed in order to truly reflect the multi-field variation characteristics of the catastrophic main body (overburden soil) under the action of external forces. The invention obtains the critical soil hole equilibrium height and the critical groundwater flow velocity formed by the soil hole of the overlying karst collapse by using the discrete element numerical simulation method, and compares with the theoretical result, and the simulation result can provide a reliable basis for the exploration and treatment of the karst collapse geological disaster, the disaster prevention and mitigation work.

The invention relates to a biological deoxidation denitrification device in oxidative environment groundwater. The device is a double-layer double-media permeable reactive barrier, the permeable reactive barrier is formed by an upstream layer and a downstream layer, the upstream layer is loaded with pine barks, and the downstream layer is loaded with zero valent iron. The invention also provides a biological deoxidation-heterotrophic / autotrophic denitrification combination method in the oxidative environment groundwater. The method comprises a process that the biological deoxidation denitrification device is laid in nitrate nitrogen polluted oxidative environment groundwater pollution plumage downstream soil and an underground water layer, and the device is vertical with the flow direction of the underground water.

The invention relates to a polluted soil and underground water in-situ repair system. The system comprises a permeation increasing wall, a waterproof curtain, an enclosing wall and a permeation increasing well; the waterproof curtain is arranged at the periphery of a polluted field for stopping outward dispersion of polluted feathers to stop dispersion of a surface active agent out of the field; the continuous permeation increasing wall is arranged in the polluted field for reinforcing the permeability of low-permeability soil; the permeation increasing wall is directly connected with a reactor; the permeation increasing well is arranged in the polluted field; the surface active agent is injected in the permeation increasing well to urge pollutants on the surface of stratum soil to enter a water phase; under pushing of a water head in the permeation increasing well, the pollutants and polluted underground water flow to the permeation increasing wall along with underground water currents, and flow into the reactor for reduction and oxidation reactions; and purified underground water is filled back into the permeation increasing well so as to realize in-situ repair of organic polluted soil and underground water as nitrobenzene or nitro-chlorobenzene. The system dose not excavate the polluted field and extract the polluted underground water, is free of secondary pollution, and is low in engineering cost.

The invention discloses an urban hydrological simulation system and a simulation method, which relate to the technical field of urban precipitation management. The invention includes a rainfall floodmanagement model, the simulation system includes a time-varying precipitation unit, a surface water evaporation unit, a snow cover and melt unit, a depression interception unit, a soil seepage unit, agroundwater recharge unit, a groundwater and drainage pipe exchange unit, a slope catchment unit, a LID control unit, a region editing unit that are associated with the rainfall flood management model, and the simulation system further comprise a storage module, an aquifer editing module and a groundwater flow editing module. The invention has comprehensive simulation function and can provide comprehensive and representative analysis data through a complete functional system unit structure. The influence of DCIA and TIA setting on runoff generation in urbanization region is analyzed under thepremise of comprehensive consideration of parameters. More objective and accurate reference and opinions are provided for urban planning.

The invention relates to a novel method for measuring underground water flowing direction in the field of geological engineering, hydrological water resource, water resource protection and the like, in particular to a method and a device for multi-directionally collecting water samples. The method fixedly connects more than two water sample collectors capable of collecting water samples at the same specific depth to the periphery of a positioning block, and water sample collecting holes set by at least two water sample collectors in the water sample collectors fixed on the positioning block have different water inletting directions so as to collect the water samples in the different directions and at the specific depth. Therefore, through the technical proposal, the device and the method can effectively prevent the mixing of water samples at the non-specific depth in the process of putting the collector, and only collect the water samples at the specific depth and in different directions. In addition, the device for multi-directionally collecting the water samples has the characteristics of convenient carrying and use, flexible and reliable manual operation, difficult damage, small volume and the like.

The invention discloses an in-situ remediation method for nitrate pollutions in groundwater, which is characterized by comprising the steps of crushing low-grade siderite ores, and screening the obtained object so as to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.1-1 mm; excavating a groove in an aquifer perpendicular to the flow direction of groundwater, and filling the siderite particles into the groove so as to build an underground permeable wall; and injecting nitrate-dependent iron oxidizing bacteria liquid for oxidizing siderites and reducing nitrates in the presence of iron oxidizing bacteria of anaerobic microorganism depended nitrates. New iron oxides also have a function of absorbing other pollutants in purified water.

A generator can convert the energy from subsurface currents or undertow into electricity. The generator has a submergible electrical coil adapted to allow water propelled by subsurface currents to enter and flow axially through the coil. The electrical coil is supported above a sea floor in substantial alignment with the subsurface currents. A magnetic shuttle is mounted to longitudinally reciprocate in the coil, driven by water flowing through the coil. Additionally, a plurality of electrical coils can be submerged above a sea floor. Magnetic shuttles are placed separately into a corresponding one of the coils to longitudinally reciprocate, driven by water flowing through the coils.

The invention provides a one-two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling analysis method based on urban surface and underground pipe network, which comprises the following steps: establishing the urban pipenetwork model; the urban pipe network model comprises a runoff generation calculation model, a one-dimensional pipe network model and a two-dimensional coupling model; inputting surface water data and groundwater data, and establishing surface-subsurface connection relationship according to the surface water data and groundwater data; generating and optimizing grid elements; calculating surface runoff and drainage pipe network flow respectively; calculating the exchange water quantity of surface runoff and drainage pipe network flow; and in order to realize the hydrodynamic coupling of two-dimensional underground pipe network on the surface, checking the calculated exchange water quantity. The invention realizes coupling analysis and calculation of surface groundwater flow for urban rainstorm waterlogging.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional dynamic visualization method of water inrush of a coal seam roof. The method includes: building a data set of a mining area; according to the data set, building a 3D geologic model of the mining area; building a roof water inrush condition comprehensive evaluation zoning graph of the mining area; based on the roof water inrush condition comprehensive evaluation zoning graph, determining prepared mining areas, main tunnels, working surfaces, and water inrush point positions of the coal seam; calculating the water level of each node of a water-bearing layer in each typical period before and after water inrush, and obtaining 3D streamlines of corresponding periods; performing three-dimensional dynamic visualization simulation of stratum fracture; and performing three-dimensional dynamic visualization simulation of a groundwater flow field. The method is firstly based on the "three-map method", groundwater simulation and scientific visualization technology are employed, three-dimensional dynamic temporal-spatial expression of the water inrush of the coal seam roof is realized, and a brand-new platform for understanding and analyzing the process of water inrush of the coal seam roof is provided.

The invention relates to a method for quickly determining flow direction of groundwater polluted by organic matter, which mainly comprises the following steps of A, sample collection; B, sample pretreatment and fluorescence spectrum determination; C, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data processing; D, proportion calculation of area fluorescence volume of different kinds of fluorescent organic matter in total volume; E, similarity analysis of components of the fluorescent organic matter in groundwater samples in different places; and F, determination of the flow direction of the groundwater. The method has the advantages of little sample demand, high detection sensitivity, less workload, high detection speed and environment friendliness.

The invention provides a system for repairing polluted underground water by using discontinuous permeation reaction walls. Repairing chemicals are injected into injection walls by high-pressure pumps under a certain pressure, so that the repairing chemicals are sprayed out from water outlet holes of the injection wells and are uniformly diffused all around, the diffusion ranges of the repairing chemicals sprayed out from the adjacent injection wells are overlapped to form repairing reaction zones which are perpendicular to the underground water flowing direction and are similar to walls, and therefore, the underground water passing through the repairing reaction zones is repaired. The system for repairing the polluted underground water by using the discontinuous permeation reaction walls is simple to construct, a repairing material is convenient to change, a repairing blind zone does not exist, and the repairing efficiency of the polluted underground water reaches up to 80%-99%.

The present invention discloses an ultra-deep foundation pit pumping based ground subsidence intelligent early-warning method and monitoring system. The ground subsidence intelligent early-warning method comprises: S1. in combination with on-site reality, laying a wireless sensor at a monitoring point, so as to obtain an on-site measurement database; S2. based on on-site pumping experimental data of an ultra-deep foundation pit, performing inversion analysis on a hydrologic geological parameter by adopting groundwater flow software, and performing inversion analysis on each earth-layer project geological parameter by adopting finite element software, and establishing an ultra-deep foundation pit infinite element three-dimensional numerical model that is closest to the on-site reality, so as to obtain a ground subsidence threshold; S3. constructing a gray prediction model to perform dynamic prediction; and S4. according to an intelligent prediction and determination result, enabling an early-warning system to predict a risk, so as to implement intelligent and automated monitoring and early-warning. The method and system are capable of effectively monitoring ground subsidence invited by ultra-deep foundation pit piestic water extraction, and achieve intelligent, precise and automated ground subsidence monitoring and early-warning.