The invention discloses an incubation room temperature control method based on cat group optimization and immune fuzzy PID, the temperature of an incubation room serves as a controlled object, a temperature physical model of the incubation room is established through a transfer function, a control rule table, a fuzzy theory domain, a fuzzy language value and a subordinating degree function of a fuzzy ID controller algorithm are designed to realize setting of an integral coefficient and a differential coefficient; a fuzzy reasoning is used for approximating the inhibition amount of cells in animmune algorithm, an immune control rule is determined, an immune control rule, a fuzzy theory domain, a fuzzy language value and a subordinating degree function of an immune P controller algorithm are designed to realize setting of a proportion coefficient; a cat group optimization algorithm is used for intelligent optimization of values of a quantification factor a scale factor of the immune P controller algorithm to determine optimal values of the quantization factor and the scale factor; the temperature of the incubation room can be accurately controlled, the incubation room temperature control method has good dynamic and static performance, is small in overshoot, and fast in adjusting time, and the self-setting of PID parameters is realized quickly and efficiently.