The invention relates to the technical field of
atmospheric optics, and in particular relates to a
system for realizing integrated observation of sun and
sky radiation and a self-calibration method. The
system comprises a supporting frame, an
entrance pupil diaphragm is arranged on the supporting frame, a first window lens is arranged on the
entrance pupil diaphragm, an attenuation piece is fixed to the center of the side face, close to a
detector, of the first window lens, and the attenuation piece and the first window lens form an annular
entrance pupil. Compared with the traditional method that two sets of receiving optical systems / two sets of
measuring equipment are used for observing the sun to measure the atmospheric
transmittance, the
water vapor column content and the
sky background
radiance, the
system provided by the invention has the advantages that the detection of two signals with different intensities is realized by adopting an annular entrance
pupil and utilizing a spatial light splitting method, so that a rotary
filter wheel is not needed; the whole system is simpler in structure, and the measurement of the
sky background brightness can be calibrated in real time; the size and the weight of the system are reduced, and the
operability of equipment can be remarkably improved.