52 results about "Convection zone" patented technology

A combination convection and radiant cooking appliance includes an oven cavity, broil and bake radiant heating elements, a convection cover defining a rear wall of the oven cavity, a back panel, and a dual fan convection heating system mounted between the convection cover and the back panel. Each combination fan / heater of the dual convection heating system includes a multi-speed fan and an associated electric heating element, with the fans being vertically disposed in the oven cavity. Controls are provided to enable a user to select between at least a bake mode, a no preheat convection bake mode, a rapid preheat convection bake mode, a preheat convection bake mode and a convection roast mode.

A drying apparatus includes a hollow main body having an inside defining a water collection zone located at a lower portion thereof, a heat convection zone located above the water collection zone, and a drying zone located above the heat convection zone for drying an article to be dried. Thus, the drying apparatus produces hot air that is formed by a heat convection effect so as to dry the article placed in the drying zone efficiently, thereby enhancing the drying effect of the drying apparatus. In addition, the pivotable covers are pivoted outward to open the drying zone to allow the solar rays directly entering the main body so as to dry the article placed in the drying zone by the solar rays.

A process and apparatus are provided for steam cracking heavy feeds, including steam cracked tars. The invention heats a steam cracked tar feed to provide a depolymerized steam cracked tar containing lower boiling molecules than the steam cracked tar feed, hydrogenates the depolymerized steam cracked tar using a hydrogenating catalyst, e.g., a downward flow fixed bed hydrotreater, to provide a hydrogenated steam cracked tar. At least a portion of the hydrogenated steam cracked tar is steam cracked in a steam cracking furnace comprising a convection zone and a radiant zone.

The invention provides a satellite clock error resolving and forecasting method based on real-time data flow. The satellite clock error resolving and forecasting method based on real-time data flow comprises the following steps: preprocessing observation data of the real-time data flow; establishing a non-difference model and an inter-epoch difference model according to pseudorange, carrier wave and phase smooth pseudorange observation value after data preprocessing, taking a plurality of epoch convection zone parameter estimations as prior information, and carrying out initial estimation in real time to obtain clock error estimation information; acquiring a reference condition by using broadcasted clock error data, and restraining a clock error estimated reference to obtain resolved clockerror data; and separately storing the read resolved clock error data and the broadcasted clock error data to obtain real-time resolving clock error, a broadcasted clock error and a model parameter,selecting the broadcasted error which corresponds to the real-time forecasted clock error, detecting and rejecting gross errors of the real-time clock error data, and carrying out clock error forecasting on data without gross errors by using a linear polynomial fitting model. The satellite clock error resolving and forecasting method based on real-time data flow has the characteristics of high response speed and high forecasting precision.

The invention provides a satellite clock error real-time estimation method based on area multi-reference-station joint resolving. The precision and timeliness of real-time precise single point positioning is improved. The method is based on a satellite and epoch difference technology, GNSS carrier phase observed values collected by area reference stations in real time and an IGU ephemeris provided by an international GNSS IGS center are utilized, the relative satellite clock error relative to a reference epoch is obtained through the multi-reference-station joint resolving , and the relative lock error values of all the epochs are obtained with the IGU precast clock error and interpolated values in the IGU precast clock error. According to the method, the operating quantity is small, the resolving speed is high, and a high-precision real-time satellite clock error product can be obtained fast through a small number of reference station carrier phase observed values. The method is based on the multi-reference-station GNSS data joint processing, the instability of single base station resolving is avoided, and the negative influence on the clock error estimation by convection zone parameter time and space correlation is reduced.

The invention relates to a convection type radiating device of a light emitting diode lamp. The lamp utilizes a plurality of light emitting diodes as a luminous source; the light emitting diodes are arranged on a baseplate to combine with a base, or are directly arranged on a base of a radiating unit; a thermotube and a radiating rib are arranged on the base; a housing of the lamp is covered outside the components; any side of the housing can be provided with an air hole and an impeller; heat energy produced by the light emitting diodes permeates the base, the thermotube and the radiating rib and is transmitted to an inner space formed by the housing; external cold air is guided to the inner space through the air holes; and the heat energy existing in the inner space flows towards the cold end to drive the impeller to rotate and produce inner and outer convecting effect, thereby promoting the radiating efficiency of the lamp.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemistry, and particularly relates to a boiler coking inhibitor. The boiler coking inhibitor comprises the following substances by weight percent of 40-80% of kaolin, 10-30% of quartz powder, 5-25% of quick lime, and 5-20% of sodium carbonate. The synergistic effect is generated by combined utilization of the kaolin, the quick lime, the quartz powder and the sodium carbonate, and cooperative use at specific ratio; and the boiler coking inhibitor is good in decoking effect, and wide in applicability, can be used for solving the problems of coking in radiation areas of boilers such as a coal-fired boiler, a steel smelting boiler, a biomass power plant boiler, an industrial coal-fired boiler, and a nonferrous metallurgical furnace, cohesive deposition of a convection zone, and smoke corrosion of a tail flue on equipment. Cheap kaolin, quick lime, quartz powder and sodium carbonate are utilized as materials; and the cost is low. The boiler coking inhibitor does not release toxic or harmful gas at high temperature, is green and environment-friendly, and accords with the development requirements of a green industry at present.

The invention relates to a measurement method for separation of convection heat and radiant heat for a wall surface. The measurement method is performed in a rectangular room with constant-temperature regulation and control, uniform air flow of supply air and return air by an indoor air conditioner and adjustable air sending volume and air sending temperature of the air conditioner, wherein one wall is taken as the measured wall surface, the surface temperature is higher than the temperature of other wall surfaces, the heat transfer quantity of the measured wall surface and the net heat radiation quantity of the measured wall surface and other wall surfaces are respectively measured by utilizing a heat flux density meter and a net radiometer, the convection heat of the measured wall surface is obtained by using the heat transfer quantity measured by the heat flux density meter to subtract the net heat radiation quantity measured by the net radiometer according to the heat balance principle of the wall surface, and the convection heat and the radiant heat of the measured wall surface are further separated. According to the measurement method provided by the invention, the load of a wall body is directly obtained by measuring the heat transfer quantity and the net radiation quantity of the wall body, the method is simple and convenient, the physical significance is clear, and errors between theory and reality caused by the load of the wall body when a reaction coefficient of theoretical calculation is adopted for calculation can be avoided.

The invention discloses a transformer substation inspection robot GPS / Beidou differential positioning and navigation method. A differential positioning method based on GPS / Beidou is adopted in positioning, so that fixed errors like the satellite lock, satellite ephemeris, ionized layer delaying and convection zone delaying are removed. The positioning and navigation method is mainly composed of a basis reference station, an inspection robot positioning and navigation module and a management platform. By using the method, accurate positioning and navigation of a transformer substation inspection robot can be achieved.

A system to reduce drafts in front of a window is described. The system includes a window covering and a motor and gearbox that adjust the window covering. The system also includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a microcontroller networked to the motor and temperature sensors. The first temperature sensor is positioned above the window covering within a thermal convection zone of a window associated with the window covering, and the second temperature sensor is positioned below the window covering within the thermal convection zone. The microcontroller instructs the motor to adjust the window covering based on a temperature gradient from the first temperature sensor to the second temperature sensor.

The invention relates to construction principles, operating and manufacturing methods for inertial sensors, i.e., sensors for rapidly detecting movement and acceleration in all degrees of freedom in space, and for separately detecting the position with respect to the perpendicular under the action of acceleration due to gravity.Use is made of the knowledge that to maintain a common convection zone of two or more sensor elements, the power fractions supplied to these elements vary with change in position, movement and acceleration.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar collecting systems and thermal power generation, and relates to a photo-thermal power generation device using solar energy. The photo-thermal power generation device comprises a solar pond, a cover plate, a salt solution and a thermal power generation device. The cover plate is arranged at the top of the solar pond, the thermal power generation device is arranged at the bottom of the solar pond, and the salt solution is contained in the solar pond. The salinity of the salt solution is increased from top to bottom and is distributed in a gradient mode, and a photo-thermal energy storage system with an upper convection zone (UCZ), a non-convection zone (NCZ) and a lower convection zone (LCZ) is formed. The solar pond and a power generation system are combined, the advantages of the simple structure and low manufacturing price of the solar pond are brought into play, the use ratio of the solar energy is increased, and the photo-thermal power generation device can be used fully in the aspects of lighting and the like. The photo-thermal power generation device absorbs, stores and uses the solar energy, has the advantages of being low in price, free of environment pollution, high in operability and the like and has excellent application prospects.

The present invention discloses a graphene synthesis apparatus, comprising: a chamber having inner spaces wherein a plurality of substrates having surfaces arranged to face each other are loaded; a gas supply unit for supplying, to the inner spaces, gas containing carbon; a main heating unit for irradiating, to the inner spaces, radiant heat; a first auxiliary heating unit arrangedto face one surface of the substrates corresponding to the main heating unit, converting the radiant heat to convection heat, and emitting the converted convection heat into the inner spaces; and a plurality of second auxiliary heating units arranged to face at least one surface of the substrate among the plurality of substrates, heated by absorbing the radiant heat and the convection heat, and emitting the heat into the inner spaces.

The invention relates to a tube heating furnace low-calorific value fuel gas stable combustion method. The method comprises following steps: a fuel gas low-dropout pre-heater is added to a convection zone of a tube heating furnace, low-calorific value fuel gas is pre-heated to 100-500 DEG C through the fuel gas low-dropout pre-heater firstly, and then the low-calorific value fuel gas is introduced into the tube heating furnace; high-calorific value fuel gas is employed as the auxiliary blending fuel gas and is introduced into the tube heating furnace through an auxiliary blending fuel gas pipeline; normal temperature air is employed as the combustion air, is not required to be re-heated, and is sent to the tube heating furnace through a negative pressure suction manner or a blower fan; and finally stable combustion is carried out in the tube heating furnace. Compared with the prior art, the method has obvious application values in the field of the tube heating furnace combusting low-calorific value fuel gas, an operation period is long, the reliability and the security are high, the engineering investment is saved, and an improved method is provided for stable combustion for the tube heating furnace employing the low-calorific value fuel gas.

An isothermal drop speed cooling method and an apparatus for same. A glass ribbon carried with glass passes through the forced convection area of the glass annealing lehr, and the glass ribbon is moving while the glass is being air-cooled in the forced convection area. The glass is air-cooled by different air volume according to the temperature of the glass, so that the glass is allowed to be cooled at isothermal drop speed during the moving process of the glass. According to the cooling method and apparatus, the specification size of the opening section of multi-row air nozzles longitudinally arranged is increased along the moving direction of the glass ribbon, so that the cooling air volume from the front to the rear can be gradually increased, thereby allowing the temperature drop speed of a glass plate to be uniform from the front to the rear.

A vapor chamber and a method of manufacturing same are disclosed. The vapor chamber includes a main body internally defining a chamber. The chamber internally has a plurality of flow guides and contains a working fluid; and at least one flow passage is formed between any two adjacent flow guides, such that the flow guides and the flow passages together define a flow guiding zone in the main body. The flow guiding zone has two opposite ends respectively connecting with a first convection zone and a second convection zone, such that the flow passages and the first and second convection zones communicate with one another. With the main body and the internal flow passages for a vapor chamber being integrally formed by aluminum extrusion, the time, labor and material costs for the vapor chamber can be largely reduced.

The invention provides an anti-wind device for a tower type solar heat receiver. The anti-wind device for the tower type solar heat receiver is arranged on the tower type solar heat receiver placed vertically, and comprises clapboards with sunlight transmission functions, wherein the clapboards are vertically placed and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tower type solar heat receiver; each clapboard is arranged at a breaking part between two heating surface pipe panels in the tower type solar heat receiver; and the clapboards and the tower type solar heat receiver are fixed through a fixing device. According to the anti-wind device for the tower type solar heat receiver provided by the invention, the air convection flowing along the circumferential directionof the tower type solar heat receiver is limited in a space partitioned by each two adjacent clapboards, so that the action range of the air convection flowing on the circumferential direction of thetower type solar heat receiver is reduced, the air convection motion along the whole circumferential direction of the tower type solar heat receiver is prevented, and finally the convection heat losscaused by the horizontal convection motion of air on the tower type solar heat receiver is reduced. The device is simple in structure, light in weight, low in support requirement, and convenient to install, maintain and replace.

A vapor chamber and a method of manufacturing same are disclosed. The vapor chamber includes a main body internally defining a chamber. The chamber internally has a plurality of flow guides and contains a working fluid; and at least one flow passage is formed between any two adjacent flow guides, such that the flow guides and the flow passages together define a flow guiding zone in the main body. The flow guiding zone has two opposite ends respectively connecting with a first convection zone and a second convection zone, such that the flow passages and the first and second convection zones communicate with one another. With the main body and the internal flow passages for a vapor chamber being integrally formed by aluminum extrusion, the time, labor and material costs for the vapor chamber can be largely reduced.

A system to reduce drafts in front of a window is described. The system includes a window covering and a motor and gearbox that adjust the window covering. The system also includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a microcontroller networked to the motor and temperature sensors. The first temperature sensor is positioned above the window covering within a thermal convection zone of a window associated with the window covering, and the second temperature sensor is positioned below the window covering within the thermal convection zone. The microcontroller instructs the motor to adjust the window covering based on a temperature gradient from the first temperature sensor to the second temperature sensor.

The invention discloses a fixed type high heating efficiency direct current steam injection boiler, and belongs to the technical field of steam injection boilers of oil fields. The fixed type high heating efficiency direct current steam injection boiler comprises a smoke system and a water path system. The smoke system comprises a transition section, an evaporation section, a lower convection section, an upper convection section and a chimney which communicate with one another sequentially in the smoke flowing direction. The evaporation section is located on the upper portion of the transitionsection. The lower convection section is located on the upper portion of the evaporation section. The upper convection section is located on the upper portion of the lower convection section. The chimney is located on the upper portion of the upper convection section. The transition section communicates with a flue of a radiation hearth. The lower portion of the lower convection section is connected with a heating pipe inside the radiation hearth through a water outlet pipe. A water outlet end of the heating pipe inside the radiation hearth is connected with an evaporation pipe bundle insidethe evaporation section. A water inlet pipe is arranged on the upper portion of the upper convection section. The temperature of water inside the water inlet pipe is 60-80 DEG C when the water entersthe upper convection section. Convection pipe bundles formed by connecting studded pipes are arranged in the lower convection section and the upper convection section separately. The temperature of smoke exhausted by the chimney is 100-120 DEG C. The problem of low heating efficiency of a steam injection boiler taking high-temperature recycled water as boiler feed water is solved.

The invention discloses a heat exchanger for slow cooling and preheating of an isothermal normalizing furnace. An upper layer of combustion flue and a lower layer of combustion flue are arranged in a furnace body of the isothermal normalizing furnace; a preheating section is arranged at the front end of the upper layer of combustion flue; a heating insulation section is arranged at the middle and rear end of the upper layer of combustion flue; a slow cooling section is arranged at the front end of the lower layer of combustion flue; a rapid cooling section and an isothermal section are sequentially arranged on the middle and rear end of the lower layer of combustion flue along the conveying direction of materials; and transmission net bands are arranged inside the upper layer of combustion flue and the lower layer of combustion flue. Particularly, the furnace body forms a heat convection zone at the front ends of the upper and lower layers of combustion flues in a penetrating manner while the heat exchanger is arranged inside the heat convection zone, and is provided with a fan at the top of the heat convection zone, and an air flue which extends to the lower layer of combustion flue in a semi-closed manner; and air inside the heat convection zone flows through the upper layer of combustion flue, the fan and the air flue from the lower layer of combustion flue in an internal cycle. By application of the heat exchanger disclosed by the invention, the internal cycle speed for slow cooling and preheating of the isothermal normalizing furnace can be controlled, full recycling utilization of heat energy is greatly improved, and the industrial production requirements of outstanding energy conservation and emission reduction are met.

The invention relates to a forced convection sandwich glass pre-presser. The forced convection sandwich glass pre-presser comprises an operation table, a preheating zone, an initial pressing zone, a convection zone, a final pressing zone, a sheet discharging zone, a pneumatic system, a forced convection system, a heat insulation system and a lifting device, wherein a plurality of groups of convection fans and a plurality of groups of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel air grids are arranged at the top and the bottom of a furnace body; each group of fans is mounted in a two-to-two correspondence manner; heating boxes are arranged at air inlets of the fans; the air grids are arranged at the lower parts of two heating boxes; air outlets are formed in the lower parts of the air grids and are aligned to to-be-processed glass; a plurality of thermocouples are mounted inside the furnace body; an upper furnace body is provided with an H-shaped linkage mechanism and a lifting mechanism; a motor on the side of the furnace body is used for driving the fans to generate forced convection for circularly transferring heat; motors of the fans adopt variable-frequency and variable-speed motors; a PLC processing system is used for controlling a frequency changer to automatically adjust the air volume in the furnace body; the strength of the upper convection is adjusted to be consistent with the heating of the lower surface, so that the to-be-processed glass is symmetrically and uniformly heated so as to be adaptive to requirements of different-radiation-rate LOW-E coated glass.

The invention relates to a horizontal type environmentally-friendly boiler. The boiler comprises a smoke outlet which is arranged on the top of a furnace, one side of the furnace is provided with an ash removal door, the front side of the furnace is provided with a furnace door, the interior of the furnace is divided into two spaces, namely a front combustion area and a rear convection bank area, the two spaces are partitioned by a partition wall and are communicated with each other at an opening position below the partition wall; the combustion area is provided with a water-cooling furnace grate which is connected with water, a combustion chamber is formed above the water-cooling furnace grate; the convection bank area comprises a convection bank formed by tilted water pipes, a dirt retention chamber below the convection bank and a smoke channel, the smoke channel is connected with the smoke outlet; and the front combustion region is also provided with an air distribution device. The horizontal type environmentally-friendly boiler provided by the invention has a simple structure and high thermal efficiency, is convenient to use and operate, smokeless and dust-free as well as environmentally-friendly and safe.

The invention provides a cleaning formulation for the convection zone furnace tube of a cracking furnace. The cleaning formulation comprises a pre-cleaning agent, a cleaning agent and a rinsing agent. The pre-cleaning agent consists of a penetrating agent, a wetting agent, a corrosion inhibitor and water as the balance thereof. The cleaning agent consists of a detergent, an oil dispersing agent, a first additive, a second additive, a surfactant, a defoaming agent, a chelating agent, a corrosion inhibitor and water as the balance thereof. The rinsing agent consists of a release agent, a corrosion inhibitor and water as the balance thereof. The present invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the pre-cleaning agent, the cleaning agent and the rinsing agent in the cleaning formulation for the convection zone furnace tube of the cracking furnace. The above cleaning formulation for the convection zone furnace tube of the cracking furnace is efficient, safe, simple in component, convenient in preparation, low in cost, and free of environmental pollution. The exhaust gas temperature of the cracking furnace is reduced. Meanwhile, the thermal efficiency of the cracking furnace is improved.

The invention discloses a method for detecting surface waveguide dead zone information based on ray tracing. The method includes the following steps that modified refractive index profile data are obtained; the calculating range including the maximum spreading distance, the largest spreading height, the height stepping value, the transmitting antenna height, the transmitting antenna initial transmitting elevation and the ray elevation interval is determined, whether rays are tracked or not is judged; the rays are tracked according to the second-order Taylor approximation mode of the Snell law, and the spreading track of each ray is obtained; whether the rays conforming to the tracking conditions are trapped or not is judged, the rays are classified, and discrete data of the rays which are transmitted out are extracted; initial position parameters of a waveguide top dead zone are obtained; the area of the surface waveguide top dead zone is calculated. According to the method for detecting the surface waveguide dead zone information based on ray tracing, a ray tracking method is introduced to judge and classify the radio wave rays, extracting and data discretization are conducted, the initial position and range of the dead zone are simply, visually and accurately obtained, the complexity of a dead zone calculating model is lowered, and therefore the area of the convection zone surface waveguide dead zone is fast calculated.

The invention provides a technical scheme of a horizontal boiler. The horizontal boiler comprises a boiler body, and a fire grate, a hearth, a water cooling wall and a horizontal drum in the boiler body. The horizontal drum is internally provided with a smoke tube. A front smoke box and a smoke exhaust channel are arranged outside the horizontal drum. The horizontal boiler is characterized in that the water cooling wall is formed by 1-5 water cooling wall pipes as a group and 1-5 convection tubes as a group at intervals. The convection tubes are parallel to the water cooling wall pipes on the lower part of the hearth, and are further communicated with the horizontal drum after being bended at an angle of a into the hearth on the middle and lower part of the hearth. The horizontal boiler is further characterized in that the bending angles a of each group of the convection tubes are different. The angle a is maximally 85 degrees and minimally 15 degrees.

The invention relates to an atmospheric aerosol smog system capable of measuring the anion and cation concentration of a water-soluble particulate matter. The system comprises a combustion device, anaerosol smog box and a water-soluble particulate matter ion concentration measurement device, wherein the combustion device, the aerosol smog box and the water-soluble particulate matter ion concentration measurement device are connected in sequence; the combustion device is used for simulating biomass open-air combustion; and the aerosol smog box is used for simulating a situation that air pollutants are discharged into air. The atmospheric aerosol smog system capable of measuring the anion and cation concentration of the water-soluble particulate matter simultaneously has three functions, and can accurately and truly simulate a process that air pollutants are discharged by the biomass open-air combustion; the physical chemistry reaction of the air pollutants generated by crop straw open-air combustion at each height in a convection zone even in a stratosphere can be manually controllable and are repeatedly simulated, meanwhile, the influence of factors, including complex meteorology,terrains and the like, in the practical environment can be eliminated, and in addition, the concentration of water-soluble anions and cations in the particulate matter generated by biomass combustionin the simulation environment can be accurately obtained.

Disclosed is a boiler inner wall intersecting line weld joint identifying method. The boiler inner wall intersecting line weld joint identifying method is applied to intersecting line welding of a boiler inner wall and a convection tube. A ring-shaped laser visual sensor collects and segments images to identify the degree of deflection and the center of cross section of the convection tube to calculate the inclination of the convection tube; a servo turntable is adjusted so that the turning surface of a positioning rod is parallel to the orthographic projection of the convection tube, a turning mechanism is adjusted so that the positioning rod is parallel to the convection tube, a positioning rod moves to right above the convection tube, a retracting mechanism extends and centers the positioning rod to the convection tube, and the ring-shaped visual sensor scans the groove of a weld joint to fit and smooth scanning signals and further to acquire an intersecting line weld joint. The boiler inner wall intersecting line weld joint identifying method is simple in algorithm, capable of rapidly and accurately identifying the inclination and the position of the weld joint of the convection tube, few in steps of inclination adjustment of the positioning rod of a welding gun, low in welding error and high in efficiency.

The invention discloses a solar pond which comprises a solar pond body, a runner, a heat exchanger and positive and negative electrodes of a magnet, wherein the solar pond body is provided with a light-gathering transmission plate, an upper convection zone, a non-convective zone and a lower heat storage layer which are sequentially arranged between a first side and a second side and face the bottom surface of the solar pond body. After being gathered through the light-gathering transmission plate, sunlight enters the solar pond, and through scattering and absorbing of the upper convection zoneand the non-convective zone, energy of a part of visible light and energy of infrared light are converted into heat energy at the lower heat storage layer to be stored. Heat exchange liquid arrangedin the heat exchanger in the runner sequentially passes through the non-convective zone and the lower heat storage layer, and the positive and negative electrodes of the magnet are separately arrangedon the first side and the second side to form a magnetic field of which the direction is perpendicular to the first side and / or the second side.