2521 results about "Channel use" patented technology

A time / location information delivery system that provides focused advertising and / or other information to individuals based on the time and their location. A wireless identification device is carried by an individual and can be read from or written to when the individual passes by interrogators in a specific geographic location. The detectors read ID information embedded in the wireless identification device. A computer uses the ID and location information to select, from a list of information providers, those information providers which provide information content identifiable or correlated to a location and / or time, and is of interest to the individual. The information content can be forwarded to the individual by a variety of information channels. One channel uses conventional Internet email to deliver advertisements and other information to the individual's Internet mailbox. The email can be delivered to a conventional PC, a portable computer, a PDA, an intelligent telephone, pager or other suitable device. For ease of discussion, a pager and a PDA will be referred to collectively as a PDA. The wireless identification device can be an RFID tag embedded in a card, or even a wireless telephone. The RFID tag is read or written to by fixed interrogators and the location of the wireless telephone is detected by triangulating information from cell towers or by embedding the GPS receiver in the wireless telephone thereby providing the location information directly from the telephone. Of course, other nearly identical location determination means, such as quadrangulation could also be used. The location determination can be performed through similar means with other devices such as PDAs, laptops, pagers, etc.

The use of multiple stimulation frequencies and phases to generate an image of touch on a touch sensor panel is disclosed. Each of a plurality of sense channels can be coupled to a column in a touch sensor panel and can have multiple mixers. Each mixer in the sense channel can utilize a circuit capable generating a demodulation frequency of a particular frequency. At each of multiple steps, various phases of selected frequencies can be used to simultaneously stimulate the rows of the touch sensor panel, and the multiple mixers in each sense channel can be configured to demodulate the signal received from the column connected to each sense channel using the selected frequencies. After all steps have been completed, the demodulated signals from the multiple mixers can be used in calculations to determine an image of touch for the touch sensor panel at each frequency.

A method of determining operating parameters for a secondary system transmitter is described. The transmitter characteristics, including location and operating frequency band, are provided to a geo-location database. The database determines the maximum allowable transmission power that meets various specifications for different channels and conveys the power and channel(s) to the transmitter. The database estimates channel incumbent signal strengths based on the transmitter location and primary and higher-priority secondary incumbent systems, estimates the splatter levels, determines whether adjacent and co-channel interference protection ratios are met, and adjusts the allowable power level accordingly. The database also estimates aggregate co- and adjacent channel primary and secondary incumbent system interference levels at the transmitter location and predicts channel quality for each allowable channel. The estimated levels are updated using measurements of actual levels at the transmitter location. The database dynamically allocates channels using the secondary system priorities.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for light-activated cation channel proteins and their uses within cell membranes and subcellular regions. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-activated cation channels to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular the invention provides millisecond-timescale temporal control of cation channels using moderate light intensities in cells, cell lines, transgenic animals, and humans. The invention provides for optically generating electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells useful for driving neuronal networks, drug screening, and therapy.

A method is provided for communicating signals at a low power level in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment. A first device transmits a modulated signal having a first carrier frequency, including the encoded information via a hardwire transmission medium. In one aspect, the power level of the modulated signal can be adjusted to minimize power consumption or reduce the generation of EMI. The modulated signal may be in one of the following formats: frequency modulation (FM) or phase modulation (PM) to name a few examples. A second device including a logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) demodulator circuit receives the signal, which may be mixed with EMI. The LDA demodulator circuit amplifies the modulated signal, without amplifying the EMI, to supply a demodulated baseband signal, which may be an n-ary digital signal, or an audio signal. A low-power, noise insensitive communication channel is also provided.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for light-activated cation channel proteins and their uses within cell membranes and subcellular regions. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-activated cation channels to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular the invention provides millisecond-timescale temporal control of cation channels using moderate light intensities in cells, cell lines, transgenic animals, and humans. The invention provides for optically generating electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells useful for driving neuronal networks, drug screening, and therapy.

Two approaches are provided for distributing trust among a set of certificate authorities. Both approaches are equally secure. In each approach, a secure data parser is integrated with any suitable encryption technology. Each approach may be used to secure data in motion. One approach provides methods and systems in which the secure data parser is used to distribute trust in a set of certificate authorities during initial negotiation (e.g., the key establishment phase) of a connection between two devices. Another approach of the present invention provides methods and systems in which the secure data parser is used to disperse packets of data into shares. A set of tunnels is established within a communication channel using a set of certificate authorities, keys developed during the establishment of the tunnels are used to encrypt shares of data for each of the tunnels, and the shares of data are transmitted through each of the tunnels. Accordingly, trust is distributed among a set of certificate authorities in the structure of the communication channel itself.

Exemplary embodiments of system and method are provided for measuring signal amplitude, phase and / or delay offsets between multiple transmit signals fed through the transmit signal processing chains and wirelessly transmitted over the transceive antennas of separate transceiver modules, wherein transmit signal coupling between the transmit antennas of said transceiver modules' transmit signal processing chains may be used for synchronizing the transmit signals and calibrating their amplitude, phase and / or delay parameters. The exemplary embodiments further provide a front end arrangement of a wireless transceiver device which can comprise at least two independently controllable transceiver modules, each connected to an associated spatial diversity transceive antenna and comprising at least one associated transmit signal processing chain and at least one associated receive signal processing chain coupled to a common baseband processing unit. The exemplary transceiver architecture can be executed on an antenna loop between the transmit signal processing chain of a first transceiver module and the transmit signal processing chain of a second transceiver over the air interface and relies on an adaptive antenna concept which facilitates a wireless transmission of data via a plurality of wireless communication channels utilizing an array of transceive antennas, receiving feedback information via at least one of said communication channels using such antenna loop and modifying a transmission mode based on the received feedback information.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are presented for performing data encoding involving encoding data bits according to an outer convolutional code to produce outer encoded bits, processing the outer encoded bits using an interleaver and a single parity check (SPC) module to produce intermediate bits, encoding the intermediate bits according to an inner convolutional code to produce inner encoded bits, processing the inner encoded bits using a puncture module to produce punctured bits, and combining the data bits and the punctured bits to produce encoded outputs. Methods, apparatuses, and systems are also presented for performing data decoding based on soft channel metrics derived from a channel using various iterative techniques.

A speech data mining system for use in generating a rich transcription having utility in call center management includes a speech differentiation module differentiating between speech of interacting speakers, and a speech recognition module improving automatic recognition of speech of one speaker based on interaction with another speaker employed as a reference speaker. A transcript generation module generates a rich transcript based on recognized speech of the speakers. Focused, interactive language models improve recognition of a customer on a low quality channel using context extracted from speech of a call center operator on a high quality channel with a speech model adapted to the operator. Mined speech data includes number of interaction turns, customer frustration phrases, operator polity, interruptions, and / or contexts extracted from speech recognition results, such as topics, complaints, solutions, and resolutions. Mined speech data is useful in call center and / or product or service quality management.

The present invention is a method to control communication channels using universal and persistent identifiers in circuit / packet switched or converged networks. The method involves linking domain specific addresses or concrete identifiers of communication end points within or across channels, domains and networks with an abstract, persistent and universal identifier that represents the single point of contact or principal identity of the user. The principal identity can specify parameters of inbound / outbound communication relationships with other specified / unspecified users / entities inter-alia through default / specific levels of control in communication relationships on / across / through normal or alternate channels, domains, applications, networks, etc., based on universal / persistent identifiers such as XRI. All transactions originating from, or terminating on, the principal identity are authenticated, asserted securely and routed automatically to an appropriate channel based on the principal identity's current context (state, location, presence, etc.) and privileges (or contracts) defined in rules created by the principal identity for access, usage, privacy, synchronization, compliance, expiry, etc. The principal identity is also empowered with multi-level control over attributes and metadata including rules for what data to expose / share and what data to eclipse / hide for which user. Control / user data, or traffic, and program / client / sequence logic, may be resident / executed / exchanged / carried on, or across, diverse networks / channels / media / devices / domains etc.

A method for controlling errors in a wireless link layer using a simultaneous multiple copy scheme and an adaptive forward error correction (FEC) scheme in a wideband wireless communication is provided. The method for controlling errors in a link layer in wideband wireless communication using an automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme, in which a wideband wireless channel is used for communication between a first node and a second node, includes the steps of (a) estimating the error ratio of a forward (a direction in which a cell is transmitted from the first node to the second node) channel using the state of a backward (a direction in which a cell is transmitted from the second node to the first node) channel, and transmitting a cell, in which a forward error correction (FEC) code having an encoding ratio that varies depending on the estimated error ratio is included in a protocol data unit (PDU) of a wireless link layer, through the forward channel and (b) re-transmitting the copy of a cell transmitted in the step (a), when feedback information that indicates that an error exists in the cell transmitted in the step (a) is received through the backward channel. It is possible to reduce the number of times of re-transmission by improving the probability of correcting forward errors using more error controlling bits as the state of the channel is worse and to minimize the waste of resources using less error controlling bits as the state of the channel is better, to thus obtain the optimal performance and guarantee the minimum delay time.

A method and an apparatus for data transmission in a mobile telecommunication system supporting an enhanced uplink service are provided. A Transport Format Combination (TFC) selector determines TF information for data to be transmitted through a first data channel not supporting Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) and a second data channel supporting HARQ, and determines gain factors for the first and second data channel, and first and second control channel carrying control information for the first and second data channel. The gain factors are input to a physical channel transmission controller, and the physical channel transmission controller reduces the gain factor for the second channel if total transmit power required for transmission of the channels exceeds the predetermined maximum allowed power. A gain scaler adjusts transmit powers of the channels using the scaled gain factor and gain factors for the first data channel, the first control channel and the second control channel.

A method and system are provided for identifying a television content item or a television channel desired by a television viewer from a set of television content items and television channels. A non-intrusive interface is provided to the viewer on a television display. The television viewer using the non-intrusive interface inputs a reduced text search entry directed at identifying a desired television content item or a television channel. The reduced text search entry includes one or more characters of a descriptor relating to the desired television content item or the television channel. The system dynamically identifies a group of television content items or television channels from the set of television content items and television channels matching the search entry as the television viewer enters each character of the reduced text search entry. The television content items or television channels of the group are ordered in accordance with one or more given criteria. The system displays on the non-intrusive interface identification of one or more of the television content items or television channels of the identified group as ordered.

A reception device and method are provided for receiving content on channels distributed by distribution servers via a router. The method includes registering a multicast media access control address corresponding to a channel to be switched to before switching to the channel; storing the multicast media access control address; and switching to the channel using the stored multicast media access control address.

After identification of an image or image area where correction is to be effected for red-eye defects, and identification of eye regions within the image or the image area, color data from the area is provided, collected or analyzed according to color channel information. The color channel information may be defined for specific or collections of wavelength values or color content values, usually with at least two channels, up to four or more color channels used to carry all of the information (and with digital images, pixel information) for each color. By using color channel information, local color content information can be readily accessed and evaluated, and after the exact nature or degree of a red-eye effect is determined from evaluation of the color channel information, the data may be readily corrected by a number of different techniques. Templates of colors and / or templates for features (such as glint, pigmentation, or artistic features) may be added to identified regions to be corrected for red-eye

Techniques to control the transmit power of multiple transmissions in a wireless communication system. A transmitting source (e.g., a base station) receives from a receiving device (e.g., a remote terminal) a number of feedbacks of one or more (coded or uncoded) bit streams and possibly one or more messages. The bit stream may include one or more power control sub-channels used to send one or more metrics (e.g., power control commands, erasure indicator bits, or quality indicator bits) for one or more sets of channels. The bits allocated for each sub-channel may be aggregated to form one or more lower rate feedback sub-streams having improved reliability. The transmit power of two or more channels can be (1) independently adjusted based on the feedbacks from respective sub-channels, or (2) adjusted together based on feedback from one sub-channel, with the power difference being adjusted based on feedback received another sub-channel.

The identification of low noise stimulation frequencies for detecting and localizing touch events on a touch sensor panel is disclosed. Each of a plurality of sense channels can be coupled to a separate sense line in a touch sensor panel and can have multiple mixers, each mixer using a demodulation frequency of a particular frequency, phase and delay. With no stimulation signal applied to any drive lines in the touch sensor panel, pairs of mixers can demodulate the sum of the output of all sense channels using the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals of a particular frequency. The demodulated outputs of each mixer pair can be used to calculate the magnitude of the noise at that particular frequency, wherein the lower the magnitude, the lower the noise at that frequency. Several low noise frequencies can be selected for use in a subsequent touch sensor panel scan function.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for combining advertising messages with short message service (SMS) messages in a wireless communications system. A signaling message processing and routing node transmits and receives short message service (SMS) data packets via a communications network. The routing node includes an SMS message processing module that determines whether an SMS message should be modified to include advertisements. SMS messages, whether modified or left unmodified, are forwarded to a destination mobile communications device. The SMS message processing module applies rules to match selected advertisements with the SMS message. The determination of whether to modify the SMS message to include a selected advertisement is based on a variety of considerations including: the content and format of the SMS message; the content and format of the advertisements; the communications and display characteristics of the destination mobile communications device; and the limitations of the channel used to communicate the message to the destination mobile communications device.

A sensor node arrangement in a wireless network, includes a sensor to sense information, an RF transceiver to communicate the information to at least one element of the wireless network, and a coil to establish a secondary communications channel with a handheld device via inductive coupling, the secondary communications channel used, for example, to receive, during installation of the sensor node arrangement, a node identifier of the sensor node arrangement.

A system for rapidly acquiring a spreading code, used in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, comprises a generator for generating a first long code and a second long code, with each long code having a length of N chips. The first long code is different from the second long code. A transmitter transmits the first long code and the second long code at a first phase angle and at a second phase angle, respectively, on a carrier signal over a communications channel using radio waves. The first long code and the second long code may be transmitted at an in-phase (I) angle and at a quadrature-phase (Q) angle, respectively, on the carrier signal. From the communications channel, an I acquisition circuit and a Q acquisition circuit may acquire, in parallel, the first long code and the second long code from the I angle and the Q angle, respectively, of the carrier signal by searching, in parallel, N / 2 chips of the first long code and the second long code.

A medium access controller for a multi-user network that assigns or changes the operating protocol of multiple upstream channels according to user loading, user status, and / or type of payload data transfers requested by the user or detected by the controller. One group of upstream channels utilizes a contention-only protocol for non-responding or off-line users, a second group utilizes a limited type polling protocol for users requiring only brief transfers of payload data, and a third group utilizes an exhaustive polling protocol user requiring large amounts of payload data transfers. Limited type polling provides low latency for quick response to accommodate multiple users, while exhaustive polling provides large data throughput at the expense of latency. Additional levels of limited or exhaustive polling may be employed to accommodate a larger variety of users needs. In addition, the channels themselves may be dynamically reclassified between and among contention and first and / or other level polling modes based on user loading and / or the nature and character of on-going data transfers in order to achieve maximum utilization of shared resources. After initiating a data transmission, the controller may also dynamically assign channels to a user based on detected changes in actual data transmissions. Thus, rules based on user activity level may be implemented to determine when a user is switched between channel groups. Essentially, the controller may effect switching of the users' upstream channels dynamically and intelligently on a packet-by-packet basis. Users may include modems and / or other terminal devices in a client-server or other data communication network.

The invention is a method of personalizing an application embedded in a secured electronic token which is able to manage first and second channels that allow to convey personalization data exchanged with a distant machine. Said first and second channels are of different types. The application is of Javacard™ type and comprises at least a function which is invoked when personalization data is received from the distant machine regardless of the channel used for conveying the personalization data.

Operational parameters for transmitting a signal over a communication channel of a network are selected by first determining RF conditions on the communication channel from a received signal transmitted over the communication channel. An initial set of parameter values is selected for transmitting the signal based on RF conditions determined from the received signal. The initial set of parameter values is used to identify other sets of parameter values as other potential candidates for transmitting the signal. The parameter values in the other sets of parameter values differ from parameter values in the initial set of parameter values by less than a predetermined amount. The expected performance of the candidate sets of parameter values is compared to determine which set of parameter values has the best expected performance among the candidate sets of parameter values. The signal is transmitted on the communication channel using the selected set of parameter values.

A cellular radio system in which a base station receiver can receive, on the reverse link, data from a mobile terminal in one of four control modes. In the first mode, the mobile terminal sends an independent user pilot, not synchronized with the base station, on the reverse link and the user data channel is synchronized to this independent user pilot. In the second mode, the mobile terminal slaves its user pilot to the pilot it receives from the base station and the user data channel is synchronized with this slaved user pilot. This second mode allows the user terminal to receive round trip delay information for purposes of geolocation and rapid reacquisition. In the third mode, the mobile terminal slaves its user pilot to the incoming base station pilot, as in the case of mode two, but the user data channel operates in the orthogonal mode using the ranging information received from the base station. The phase relationship between the user pilot channel and the user data channel is calibrated. The user pilot carrier is also the carrier for the user data channel and can be used as the carrier reference for detecting the user data channel. In the fourth mode, the slaved pilot implementation of mode three is used for acquisition but, after acquisition, the user pilot code is phase shifted to be synchronous with the user data channel, thus also making it an orthogonal channel. In this mode, the pilots no longer contribute interference to the user data channels, within the cell, and can be transmitted at higher power levels.

Methods and apparatus for optimizing wireless communications channels by employing multi-channel modulation techniques in wireless communication systems is disclosed. The wireless communications channel may comprise tones, and data may be allocated differently among the different tones according to the channel characterization measurements. In one embodiment, a method may include: transmitting data over a wireless channel using a first station (e.g., an access point), receiving the data using a second station, performing calculations on the received data, and allocating subsequent data transmissions among the tones according to the calculations. Other embodiments may utilize superfluous data transmissions-for example, data coming from the access point that is intended for other stations-in order to calculate channel characterization. Preferably, any portion of the transmitted data (e.g., preamble, header, data, etc.) may be used to calculate channel characterization.

The transmission of broadcast data, such as financial data and news feeds, is accelerated over a communication channel using data compression and decompression to provide secure transmission and transparent multiplication of communication bandwidth, as well as reduce the latency. Broadcast data may include packets having fields. Encoders associated with particular fields may be selected to compress those particular fields.

Member nodes of a wireless point-to-multipoint (PMP) network may participate in mobile ad hoc (MANET) or mesh communications with other nodes on the same channels used by the network for PMP communications. A PMP network base station node transmits a downlink signal defining a downlink map for scheduling first time periods for transmitting messages to subscriber station nodes, and an uplink map for scheduling second time periods allowing a subscriber station node to transmit messages to the base station node in a scheduled second time period. A MANET / mesh zone is allocated in either or both the downlink and the uplink maps, each zone operating to reserve one or more time slots and channels in which the base station and other nodes may communicate using a MANET / mesh protocol, thus avoiding interference with communications that are being conducted between the base and the subscriber station nodes under the PMP protocol.

A bi-directional reflective memory channel between a pair of storage controllers is used to maintain a mirrored copy of each storage controller's native buffer contents within the buffer of the other storage controller. To maintain such mirrored copies, buffer write operations that fall within a reflective memory segment of one storage controller are automatically reflected across this channel to the other storage controller for execution, and vice versa. The write operations are preferably transmitted across the reflective memory channel using a protocol that provides for error checking, acknowledgements, and retransmissions. This protocol is preferably implemented entirely in automated circuitry, so that the mirrored copies are maintained without any CPU intervention during error-free operation. When a failover occurs, the surviving storage controller uses the mirrored copy of the failed storage controller's native buffer contents to assume control over the failed storage controller's disk drives.