The invention discloses a kit for detecting α and β globin gene sequences in one tube, including amplification primers, and used for identifying α globin gene sequences -SEA, -α 3.7 ,-α 4.2 Site deletions, alpha globin gene sequence CD30, CD31, CD59, WM, QS, CS site mutations and beta globin gene sequence ‑82, ‑80, ‑79, ‑78, Cap+1, Cap40‑43, Int , CDs14 / 15, CD17, CD19, CD26, CDs27 / 28, CD30, IVSⅠ‑1, CD31, CD37, CDs41 / 42, CD43, CDs71 / 72, CD95, IVSⅡ‑5, IVSⅡ‑654 site mutation probe .