371 results about "Alternative fuels" patented technology

A generating facility is provided for generating electricity from both solar and non-solar energy sources. The solar generating portion of the facility includes capability to directly generate electricity from solar insolation, or to store the solar energy in a tangible medium, including stored heat, or solar generating fuel. The generating facility is configured to generate electricity simultaneously from both solar and non-solar sources, as well a solely from immediate solar insolation and from solar energy stored in a tangible medium. Additionally, the solar generating capacity may be segregated; such that separate spectra of solar insolation are used to capture heat for steam turbine based electrical generation, capture light energy for photovoltaic based electrical generation, and to grow biomass to generate a solar fuel.

An EUV light source is disclosed which may comprise at least one optical element having a surface, such as a multi-layer collector mirror; a laser source generating a laser beam; and a source material irradiated by the laser beam to form a plasma and emit EUV light. In one aspect, the source material may consist essentially of a tin compound and may generate tin debris by plasma formation which deposits on the optical element and, in addition, the tin compound may include an element that is effective in etching deposited tin from the optical element surface. Tin compounds may include SnBr4, SnBr2 and SnH4. In another aspect, an EUV light source may comprise a molten source material irradiated by a laser beam to form a plasma and emit EUV light, the source material comprising tin and at least one other metal, for example tin with Gallium and / or Indium.

A generating facility is provided for generating electricity from both solar and non-solar energy sources. The solar generating portion of the facility includes capability to directly generate electricity from solar insolation, or to store the solar energy in a tangible medium, including stored heat, or solar generating fuel. The generating facility is configured to generate electricity simultaneously from both solar and non-solar sources, as well a solely from immediate solar insolation and from solar energy stored in a tangible medium. Additionally, the solar generating capacity may be segregated; such that separate spectra of solar insolation are used to capture heat for steam turbine based electrical generation, capture light energy for photovoltaic based electrical generation, and to grow biomass to generate a solar fuel.

A generating facility is provided for generating electricity from both solar and non-solar energy sources. The solar generating portion of the facility includes capability to directly generate electricity from solar insolation, or to store the solar energy in a tangible medium, including stored heat, or solar generating fuel. The generating facility is configured to generate electricity simultaneously from both solar and non-solar sources, as well a solely from immediate solar insolation and from solar energy stored in a tangible medium. Additionally, the solar generating capacity may be segregated; such that separate spectra of solar insolation are used to capture heat for steam turbine based electrical generation, capture light energy for photovoltaic based electrical generation, and to grow biomass to generate a solar fuel.

A fuel control system and method for providing fuel to an internal combustion engine are provided. The fuel control system generally includes at least one valve device structured to deliver a fuel supply to the engine, a first fuel source structured to provide a primary fuel to the valve device, a second fuel source structured to provide an alternate fuel to the valve device, and an electronic controller structured to control the valve device. The electronic controller controls the valve device as a function of various data to selectively deliver the primary fuel and the alternate fuel to generate a fuel supply, e.g. as a mixture of the two fuels. The data used to control the fuel supply may include GPS data, engine data, environmental data, and / or other operational data.

A fuel control system for controlling the use of primary fuel and alternate fuel in an internal combustion engine without cross-contamination of fuel types. Cross-contamination of fuel types may eliminate the ability to receive certain benefits or financial incentives associated with use of alternate fuel, including but not limited to RINs, credits, and subsidies. In one embodiment, primary and / or alternate fuel are controllably delivered from sources to a flow cell. If blending is desired, both primary and alternate fuels are delivered to the flow cell. The engine is fed with the resulting primary fuel, alternate fuel, or blended mixture of fuel from the flow cell. The flow cell contains a bypass inlet port adapted to receive excess fuel not consumed by the engine in lieu of the excess fuel being returned to the primary and / or alternate fuel sources. In this manner, cross-contamination of the fuel sources can be avoided.

The invention relates to coal gas-steam cogeneration method and opposite furnace. Wherein, fuel burns in combustion chamber to generate smoke gas, the latter enters heat exchanger after cyclone separator to generate steam; some cycle dust collected by cyclone separator returns to chamber, other enters vaporizer; fuel takes pyrogenic gasification reaction to generate coal gas with reacted product back to chamber; the cogeneration furnace has double-cycle fluidized bed loop, wherein, the burning loop composes of a chamber, a smoke gas separator, and a refeeding device; the gasification loop composes of a gasification room, a coal gas separator, and a refeeding device; two loops are coupled by hot dust allocator and refeeding device. The running mode is flexible, and also fit to treat carbon-containing waste.

Alternative gasoline, diesel fuel, marine diesel fuel, jet fuel, and flexible fuel compositions are disclosed. The compositions include an alcohol and / or a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers, which can be derived from renewable resources. When combined with gasoline / ethanol blends, the glycerol ethers can reduce the vapor pressure of the ethanol and increasing the fuel economy. When added to diesel fuel / alcohol blends, glycerol ethers improve the cetane value of the blends. All or part of the diesel fuel in the compositions described herein can be biodiesel fuel and / or synthetic fuel derived from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can also use feedstocks derived from sources other than crude oil, such as methane, methanol, ethanol, lignin and glycerol, which can further reduce reliance on foreign sources of crude oil. When used in jet fuel, glycerol ethers can replace all or part of conventional deicing additives, thus lowering skin toxicity, and glycerol ethers ability to reduce particulate emissions can lower the appearance of contrails. When used in marine diesel, the reduction in particulate emissions can be environmentally significant. In another embodiment, the alternative compositions comprise gasoline, ethanol, and n-butanol, and in one aspect, the ethanol and / or n-butanol can be derived from renewable resources. Fuel additive compositions, including glycerol ethers and hydrocarbons and / or alcohols, are also disclosed.

Multistage processing of biomass to produce at least two separate fungible fuel streams, one dominated by gasoline boiling-point range liquids and the other by diesel boiling-point range liquids. The processing involves hydrotreating the biomass to produce a hydrotreatment product including a deoxygenated hydrocarbon product of gasoline and diesel boiling materials, followed by separating each of the gasoline and diesel boiling materials from the hydrotreatment product and each other.

Given the current world situation of fuel shortages and conflict over the finite amount of fuels available, it is very prudent to utilize every avenue available to increase the amount and quality of fuels available to use in power generation as well as other applications of steam. There are hundreds of thousands of tons of natural fuels, available for use here as well as other parts of the world. The BTU value of these waste materials is immeasurable. While most of these alternative fuels do not contain the highest BTU value, the amount of them available is beyond belief. The biggest drawback to alternative fuels has been the ease of utilization and quality of the product introduced into the combustors. Many years of testing and research by this individual have resulted in a variety of fuels that in addition to adding to the fuel supply of the world's consumers, will help to clean up the emission problems that are coming to the forefront of environmental concerns.

A fuel pump temperature is regulated by selectively directing liquid fuel to an expansion section to evaporate the liquid fuel and create a drop in temperature to thermally cool the fuel pump.

The invention relates to a method for transforming biomass sugar source into 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, in particular to a method for preparing the 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural. The method comprises the following steps: using ionic liquid as a solvent, hexose or hexose source biomass as raw material substrates, and 0.5 to 50 percent (relative to the mass of the biomass sugar source) of acidic ionic liquid, inorganic acid or organic acid as a catalyst, and performing the reaction of materials for 1.5 minutes to 23 hours at normal pressure and at a temperature of between 80 DEG C and 100 DEG C to efficiently generate HMF. The method has the advantages of high HMF selectivity, less acid consumption, moderate operating conditions, fast reaction, reusable ionic liquid, simple process, environment protection and the like, and opens up a new approach for preparing commodity chemicals and replacing fuels starting from renewable biological resources.

An exhaust gas emissions aftertreatment system for spark-ignition engines, which simultaneously reduces the particulate matter, HC, CO, and NOx content of the exhaust. Various embodiments of the system have both a closely-coupled TWC device, and an under-floor treatment device. The under-floor device has either TWC or NOx reduction functionality, depending on whether the engine is run under stiochiometric or lean burn operating conditions.

The invention relates to a method for preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by transforming a biomass saccharine source. The method comprises the following concrete steps: using an ionic liquid as a solvent, hexose or hexose source biomass as a raw material substrate, and acid as a catalyst, heating the mixture to react for 5 minutes to 20 hours at normal pressure, and then depressurizing and distilling the mixture under the condition that an operation temperature is not higher than 180 DEG C to obtain the HMF after the reaction is ended; and after the distilled remainder is cooled, directly adding the remainder into the biomass saccharine source, and repeating the processes of reaction and separation to obtain the HMF, so as to realize recycling of an ionic liquid catalyst system and semi-continuous preparation of the HMF. By using the method, once through yield of the HMF reaches as high as 94 percent. The method has the advantages of high selectivity, low acid consumption, mild condition, quick reaction, reusability of the ionic liquid, low cost, simple process, environmental protection, semi-continuous production and the like, and provides new technology for industrialized production of the HMF by transforming the biomass saccharine source, so as to develop a new path for preparing common chemicals in a large scale by using biomass resources and replacing fuels.

The present disclosure relates generally to the production of hydrogen and oxygen within an electrolysis cell having a coated anode such that these gases can be added to the fuel source (fossil fuel and / or alternative fuels) of a combustion engine system as a supplement for said fuel source(s) for increased performance.

Alternate fuels and method of using the alternate fuels for replacing all or part of conventional fuels used to heat a riser duct, calciner or kiln in a cement making process.

A solar powered thermoelectric vehicle lacking an internal combustion engine. The vehicle may include a fiber optics bundle heat collector / conductor, a heating element embedded within a heat sink, a plurality of thermoelectric chips mounted around the outer surface of the heat sink, a hollow body surrounding the heat sink with a space present between the heat sink and the hollow body, a power converter, a plurality of thermoelectric power generators, an extended heat motor / apparatus, and at least one DC motor mounted to a wheel of the vehicle. The vehicle is capable of running without practical driving distance limitations under all weather conditions, day or night, without use of fossil or alternative fuels, and without generating and introducing toxic emissions into the environment.

The invention provides a hydrodeoxidation catalyzer used exclusively in producing biologic diesel oil, which is primarily used in the process of the production of the novel super-clean alternative fuel of diesel motors. The catalyzer has high hydrodeoxidation activity and high selectivity of diesel oil. By the catalyzer, animal and vegetable oil or the mixture of animal and vegetable oil and fossil fuel oil are hydrodeoxidated to produce biologic diesel oil. The hydrogenation catalyzer can be kept stable by adding sulfur-supplementing reagents in right amount in the reaction raw materials.

A fuel control system and method for providing fuel to an internal combustion engine are provided. The fuel control system generally includes at least one valve device structured to deliver a fuel supply to the engine, a first fuel source structured to provide a primary fuel to the valve device, a second fuel source structured to provide an alternate fuel to the valve device, and an electronic controller structured to control the valve device. The electronic controller controls the valve device as a function of various data to selectively deliver the primary fuel and the alternate fuel to generate a fuel supply, e.g. as a mixture of the two fuels. The data used to control the fuel supply may include GPS data, engine data, environmental data, and / or other operational data.

A system and attendant structural components for incorporating an alternate fuel supply, such as of the type used in combination with a conventional distillate fuel, to power a heavy duty industrial vehicle, such as a mine haul dump truck. The system and attendant structure includes a mounting assembly structured for containment and support of the alternate fuel and a containment area disposed on the vehicle and structured and dimensioned to retain the mounting assembly therein. The containment area and the mounting assembly are disposed in laterally adjacent, exposed relation to an operator area of the mine haul truck, wherein the mounting assembly and the containment area are cooperatively disposed and structured to facilitate storage of the alternate fuel and operative communication and distribution thereof with the powering engine of the mine haul vehicle.

This invention is a pneumatic mass transportation system on the cutting edge of technology employing a combined cycle turbine power system with digital controls to effect acceleration, deceleration and train propulsion. The combustion turbines can be adapted to use alternative fuels including bio fuels as they are developed. The heat recover steam generator will recycle the hot exhaust gasses from the turbines to generate electricity to be used by the system. The multi-car train is propelled by differential air pressure forward and aft of the vehicle in the pneumatic tube. Air propulsion is achieved by large in-tube impellers driven by the turbines. A digital control system will operate the pitch of the impeller blades and the vacuum / pressure release valves in the tubes to produce full movement control of the trains.

The invention relates to a biomass solid fuel and a processing technology thereof. The biomass solid fuel is prepared by pressing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 90% of a biomass raw material and 10% of water, wherein the biomass raw material adopts crop derelicts, bamboo-wood processing residues or residual branches and leaves after timber cutting. The biomass solid fuel can replace coal, oil and other primary energy sources and serves as an alternative fuel; because the biomass solid fuel is a renewable energy source, the short supply of energy sources is alleviated; the biomass solid fuel is an environment-friendly fuel, and the combustion emission data reaches the national environmental protection standard, so that the pollution to the air is reduced, and the living environment is improved; and meanwhile, the biomass solid fuel is simple in processing technique, and the production process does not generate toxic substances and can not cause damages to the environment, so that the biomass fuel has an important significance for promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside.

The apparatus and method convert the fuel system of an internal combustion engine in a pre-existing (used) vehicle to operate on a mixture of fuels (like ethanol and gasoline) from a single fuel tank. The apparatus includes a fuel composition sensor installed in the fuel line and an electronic control unit with at least one fuel injector driver circuit for controlling an output signal to at least one fuel injector for controlling the air to fuel ratio of the engine. The electronic control unit controls both ignition timing and the air to fuel ratio of the engine based upon the percentage or ratio of the alternative fuel to gasoline from the fuel composition sensor. The electronic control unit receives both timing signals and fuel injector control signals from the engine's original Engine Control Module and the original emission control devices are not modified or replaced.

A safety system for use in a vehicle having a fuel cell system with a fuel supply means and an electrical energy source, wherein a plurality of sensors are associated with the fuel cell system and deliver safety relevant signals, these sensors are connected to a safety control and the fuel cell system has at least one device for switching off the fuel supply device and also at least one device which can be actuated by the safety control for separating at least one component of the fuel cell system from the electrical energy source, is characterized in that the safety system stands in association with an airbag system having at least one airbag with at least one gas generator associated with the airbag for the inflation of the airbag, preferably also with at least one safety belt with a belt tensioner, with an airbag control controlling the gas generator and optionally also the belt tensioner and also a plurality of sensors which are connected via a circuit to the airbag control and deliver safety relevant signals for the triggering of the airbag and / or of the belt tensioner; and in that the safety control of the fuel cell system is either connected to the airbag control or the airbag control functionally replaces the safety control of the fuel cell system.

A mounting assembly for supporting a fuel supply on a vehicle, which is specifically adapted for the operable support and positioning of an auxiliary fuel supply. The vehicle with which the mounting assembly is utilized may vary significantly, but is primarily structured for use on mine haul vehicles, bulldozers, and other heavy duty commercial vehicles, wherein the operation thereof is significantly benefited or enhanced through the provision of an auxiliary, or alternate fuel supply such as, but not limited to, liquid natural gas (LNG), selectively powering the engine of the vehicle as determined by an improved electronic control system. The mounting assembly comprises a containment structure in the form of at least one fuel tank and a housing is structured to enclose the fuel tank. A base supports both the housing and the fuel tank and a shield assembly, associated with the housing protect the fuel tank against impact in the working environment of the vehicle on which the fuel supply and containment structure are disposed.

Presented is a technique that utilizes ion current to determine the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced in the combustion chamber(s) of diesel engines, on a cycle by cycle basis during the combustion of conventional petroleum-based fuels, other alternate fuels, and renewable fuels. The technique uses an ion current measuring circuitry, a calibration circuit and a signal processing circuit connected to the engine control unit (ECU). The ion current sensing circuitry is positioned in the chamber(s) of the engine, to measure the ion current produced during the combustion process. The calibration circuit utilizes NOx values measured in the exhaust port or manifold of the engine to calibrate the ion current signal. The calibrated ion current signal is fed into a processor that is connected to the ECU to adjust various operating parameters to improve the trade-off between NOx and other emissions, fuel economy, and power output.

The instant invention provides an apparatus and system for cooling the air charge of an internal combustion engine. More specifically, the instant invention provides an air-induction system suitable to provide cooled air charges to turbocharged, supercharged or naturally aspirated internal combustion engines to increase power output while reducing engine emissions. The system utilizes gaseous fuel stored as a liquid wherein the liquefied gaseous fuel is vaporized and warmed at least partially with heat removed from the intake air charge supplied to the engine from the turbocharger or supercharger. In a preferred embodiment, the compressed intake combustion air is first cooled in an aftercooler against an ambiently cooled coolant and is subsequently cooled further by the chiller of the instant invention which utilizes the change in phase, between liquid and gas, of the alternative fuel to cool the incoming air charge. The fuel, in the gaseous phase, is then supplied to the engine in a controlled manner for combustion by the engine. The operation of this system is measured and controlled by a control box mounted in the engine compartment.

A fuel control system for controlling the use of primary fuel and alternate fuel in an internal combustion engine without cross-contamination of fuel types. Cross-contamination of fuel types may eliminate the ability to receive certain benefits or financial incentives associated with use of alternate fuel, including but not limited to RINs, credits, and subsidies. In one embodiment, primary and / or alternate fuel are controllably delivered from sources to a flow cell. If blending is desired, both primary and alternate fuels are delivered to the flow cell. The engine is fed with the resulting primary fuel, alternate fuel, or blended mixture of fuel from the flow cell. The flow cell contains a bypass inlet port adapted to receive excess fuel not consumed by the engine in lieu of the excess fuel being returned to the primary and / or alternate fuel sources. In this manner, cross-contamination of the fuel sources can be avoided.