The invention relates to a method for increasing organic carbon sequestration of roots of halophyte herbaceous plants in arid desert regions. According to the method, for halophyte herbaceous plant growth regions of hexinia polydichotoma, ceratocarpus arenarius, agriophyllum squarrosum, or alhagi sparsifolia, the land surface temperature in late spring is maintained at 20 DEG C, or herbaceous vegetation grows to 10 cm, digging or drilling is performed, digging or drilling is performed again in the growing season, then mycorrhizal fungi inoculants are uniformly scattered in dug bands or drilled holes, and soil is dug, backfilled, and tamped. According to the method, plant underground root growth and microbe activity have the "rhizosphere effect" and can promote each other, the mycorrhizal fungi inoculants are employed to increase the quantity and activity of microbes near underground plant roots, the plant underground roots are effectively promoted to absorb water and nutrients, the accumulation of the underground root biomass is increased, the underground organic carbon storage is increased, and the loss brought by the decrease of the underground organic carbon fixation ability due to vegetation decline is compensated.