The invention relates to a bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of a
cast iron rolling
machine tool and a manufacturing method of the bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail. A guide rail is integrated with a base of a
cast iron machine tool, high-
hardness cylindrical and grid-shaped units which are regularly distributed, have
carbide textures and are combined with a guide rail base in a
metallurgy manner are arranged on a rolling portion on the surface of the guide rail by the aid of a
laser cladding method, and the units and the guide rail base of the
machine tool jointly form a bionic
coupling area which is provided with hard portions and soft portions at intervals and has a bionic structure. The
laser cladding method includes steps of uniformly
coating alloy powder on the units; directly irradiating and melting the
alloy powder by the aid of
laser, and quickly solidifying the melted
alloy powder; and obtaining micron-sized
carbide,
martensite, alloy
carbide, WC (wolfram carbide) or TiC which have textures different from those of the base and have
hardness meeting HV (Vickers
hardness) 630-1150. The bionic abrasion- resistant high-reliability guide rail and the manufacturing method have the advantages that limitation that a rail surface of a
cast iron guide rail is low in hardness, cannot realize
pressure resistance or abrasion resistance and cannot be used independently is broken through, and shortcomings that a steel guide rail is integrally or partially inlaid on a base of a
machine tool in an original mode, production process is complicated, cost is high, and the steel guide rail falls off or is peeled off easily are overcome.