The invention discloses a multi-backup secure deletion method and system based on a blockchain, and the method comprises the following steps: setting a backup number and a corresponding backup addressthrough a cloud server after the initialization of the system and the generation of a secret key, transmitting the backup number and the corresponding backup address to a data owner, and generating apre-deletion sequence; encrypting a file by using different keys to generate a plurality of ciphertext backups, and generating an index according to keywords in the file; generating, by the data owner, preparatory integrity and delete evidences; in a ciphertext query stage, calculating, by a user, a trap door and uploading the trap door to a smart contract, and calculating, by the smart contract,a corresponding decryption key and querying a file number; sending, by the cloud server, a ciphertext backup to the user according to the file number, and decrypting, by the user, the ciphertext by using a decryption key; in a deleting stage, sending a deleting request to a cloud server, and deleting, by the cloud server, all backups of the corresponding file according to the request, generatingdeleting evidences, sending the evidences to the data owner and storing the evidences into the blockchain; and verifying, by the data owner, whether the cloud server deletes the evidences according tothe received evidences, and tracking the corresponding responsibility of the cloud server and the user according to the evidences of the evidence chain. According to the method, the requirements of cloud data sharing and safe deletion can be well met, and searchable encryption is provided for valid users.