The invention discloses a multi-channel transponder message transmission device and a multi-channel transponder message transmission method, which realize ground transponder energy emission, ground transponder message information wireless receiving, safe decoding and reliable transmission. When a certain part of the equipment breaks down, the equipment is automatically guided to the safety side, the equipment transmits the information to the vehicle-mounted control equipment at the rear end in real time through other normal channels, and meanwhile real-time detection, fault protection and recording can be conducted on equipment state information. The equipment comprises a vehicle-mounted host and a vehicle-mounted antenna, wherein the vehicle-mounted host comprises a dual-channel power amplifier module, a multi-channel receiving module, a multi-channel processing module, a recording board, a power board and a bus board. The device and method have the advantages that the equipment adopts a multi-channel, modular and multi-layer protection design, and avehicle-mounted host processing module adopts a two-out-of-two and double-path backup design, so that the safety, reliability, availability and maintainability of the equipment and the real-time performance, accuracy and stability of information transmission are improved.