1914 results about "Bit numbering" patented technology

A route finder means and method for finding routes to satisfy a plurality of connection requests in a communications network comprising a plurality of nodes connected by a plurality of links. A cost is assigned to each network link. Arrays of eight shortest paths of links between each pair of nodes in the network are created. Bit strings comprising for example a 3 bit binary number for each point-to-point connection request are generated. Each 3 bit number is an index to one element of the shortest path array for each connection request's source and destination nodes. The bit strings are assembled into population members which are manipulated by genetic algorithms. The fitness of the population members is evaluated by calculating the cost of traversing the routes represented by the bit strings. The route finder means and method has an ability to split traffic over multiple routes, and to handle different traffic types, eg different bit rate traffic types. The route finder means and method is generic to a plurality of different communications network types.

Reduced bit number wedge identification techniques for use within a rotating media storage device (RMSD) are disclosed. The RMSD includes a disk having a circumferential track that includes a plurality of embedded servo wedges utilized in track following. A substantial majority of the plurality of wedges include a reduced bit wedge ID field that does not have a sufficient number of bits to uniquely identify the wedge within the track. A combined wedge ID code is formed from reading at least first and second reduced bit wedge ID numbers from first and second wedges, respectively, which is used to uniquely identifying a wedge.

Using precoded space multiplexing of limited fed back, the method defines a group of set of precoded matrix (i.e. precoded codebook) known by transmitter and receiver. Using algorithm of channel estimation to obtain current state information of channel, the receiver selects an optimal precoded matrix from precoded codebooks according to minimized principles of trace of mean square error matrix as well as through a feedback channel, feeds index of the precoded matrix back to the transmitter within coherence time of channel. Based on the said index of the precoded matrix, the transmitter obtains the precoded matrix, and then carries out precoded operations on vectors of transmit signal based on the precoded matrix. Precoded codebook can be designed based on maximized principle of minimum distance between two norms of projections of subspaces. Using limited bit number fed back, the invention raises communication performance.

A data encryption method performed with ring arithmetic operations using a residue number multiplication process wherein a first conversion to a first basis is done using a mixed radix system and a second conversion to a second basis is done using a mixed radix system. In some embodiments, a modulus C is be chosen of the form 2w-L, wherein C is a w-bit number and L is a low Hamming weight odd integer less than 2(w-1) / 2. And in some of those embodiments, the residue mod C is calculated via several steps. P is split into 2 w-bit words H1 and L1. S1 is calculated as equal to L1+(H12x1)+(H12x2)+ . . . +(H12xk)+H1. S1 is split into two w-bit words H2 and L2. S2 is computed as being equal to L2+(H22x1)+(H22x2)+ . . . +(H22xk)+H2. S3 is computed as being equal to S2+(2x1+ . . . +2xk+1). And the residue is determined by comparing S3 to 2w. If S3<2w, then the residue equals S2. If S3>2w, then the residue equals S3-2w.

The invention discloses a method and system for speech or audio signal bandwidth expansion, which comprises: A. to simulate spectral envelope of the high-frequency signal components in the speech or audio signal. B. to make a synthesis of the said spectrum envelope and the low-frequency signal components corresponding to the high-frequency signal components in the frequency and spatial domain to obtain the reset high-frequency signal components. The invention also discloses the method and system to realize the said bandwidth expansion, the technical scheme offered by which has the advantage of less bit number of coding that can be adaptively adjusted based on the type features of the signals. Besides, by extracting spectrum envelope of the high-frequency signal components, the invention makes the fine structure acted on the low-frequency signal components corresponding frequency and spatial domain to guarantee the correlation between the reset high-frequency signal spectrum and the harmonization of the high-frequency signal spectrum lopped during coding.

A system and method for unbiased rounding away from, or toward, zero comprising apparatus for truncating N bits from an original M bit input number thereby to provide a M−N bit number, and apparatus for adding the equivalent value of ‘½’ to the M−N bit number unless the input number is negative, or positive, respectively, and the N truncated bits represent exactly ½.

The embodiments of the invention provide a data processing method and apparatus. The method comprises: performing code block segment processing on a data block so as to obtain multiple first processing blocks, the difference of the bit numbers of any two of the multiple first processing blocks being not greater than one bit; according to a filling bit and the multiple first processing blocks, determining multiple second processing blocks, the value of the filling bit being a preset value; adding continuous N-K fixation bits for each of the multiple second processing blocks so as to obtain multiple third processing blocks, the values of the fixation bits being preset values, and (N-K)>=0; and according to the multiple third processing blocks, performing polar coding. In the embodiments of the invention, the data blocks are segmented as uniformly as possible and are subjected to filling bit processing and fixation bit processing so as to perform the polar coding and reduce performance differences among code blocks.

A method and system of finding a read voltage for a flash memory is disclosed. Data are read from array cells of the flash memory with a default read voltage, and a recorded state bit number that is recorded during programming is also read. Determine an optimal read voltage if the readout data do not pass the error correction control (ECC). Data are then re-read from the array cells of the flash memory with the determined optimal read voltage.

A decoding method for booting from a NAND Flash including a booting page storing a plurality of copies of NAND booting information and a plurality of corresponding parities, each parity generated by an predetermined error correction code (ECC) bit number. The decoding method includes reading the booting page, for obtaining a plurality of configuration data and a plurality of ECC data, and performing a voting scheme and an ECC decoding process on the plurality of configuration data and the plurality of ECC data, for obtaining the NAND booting information. Besides, an encoding method for encoding such booting information is disclosed the same.

The invention discloses a neural network model compression method and a neural network model compression device. The neural network model compression method comprises the steps of: determining a model parameter set of each neuron layer for each neuron layer in a neural network model, wherein the model parameter set includes a plurality of model parameters; carrying out first transformation on the plurality of model parameters to generate a plurality of intermediate parameters; quantizing the plurality of intermediate parameters according to a preset quantization step size to obtain a plurality of quantization parameters; selecting a plurality of sampling quantization points from the plurality of quantization parameters according to a preset quantization bit number; generating quantized values of the plurality of model parameters according to values of the plurality of quantization parameters and the plurality of sampling quantization points; and compressing and storing the plurality of model parameters according to the quantized values. The neural network model compression method can better maintain the effect of the model, greatly reduces the size of the neural network model, and reduces the occupation of computing resources, especially memory resources.

An input pixel valid-bit-number setting unit sets an input pixel valid-bit-number which is the number of gradations of input pixel data. A predictive pixel value generating unit refers to the higher-order bits of earlier already-input pixel data to generate a predictive pixel value for the higher-order bits of a new input pixel. A prediction error group detecting unit detects a prediction error group indicative of the magnitude range of a difference between the predictive pixel value and the value of the higher-order bits of the new input pixel. A prediction error encoding unit multiplexes variable-length encoded information indicative of the prediction error group, overhead bits indicative of a specific value within the prediction error group, and the lower-order bits of the input pixel appropriate for the input pixel valid-bit-number.

A signalling mechanism in an OFDMA-based wireless communication system in which the number of bits used to indicate the 2-D resource allocation in each frame are reduced, and optimised for the particular frame configuration. The numbers of bits within the MAP-IEs in at least the DL_MAP and optionally also the UL_MAP of each frame, used to represent the Symbol offset and No. of Symbols, are scaled to the frame duration and the subcarrier allocation scheme used for the zone to which the DL-MAP_IE is associated. Likewise, a variable number of bits is used for the subchannel offset and number of subchannels, which can be optimised based on the selected FFT size and subcarrier allocation scheme. The bit numbers in use can be TLV encoded and transmitted within a downlink channel descriptor following the DL_MAP and UL_MAP. Therefore, in subsequent frames each subscriber station knows the number of bits being used to represent these parameters, and thus the field sizes in the MAP_IEs, until such time as the DCD is updated. In this way, the signalling overhead incurred by the MAP_IEs, which can be very significant for a large number of users and with some frame and FFT sizes, is reduced.

The invention provides a method for sending hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement character (HARQ-ACK) feedback information. The method is used for situations of different time division duplex (TDD) uplink and downlink configuration of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) in carrier aggregation (CA). The method comprises receiving uplink grant (UL grant) sent by a base station through unified equipment (UE) and obtaining a downlink link distribution indexes (UL DAI) from the UL grant; and using the UE to send the HARQ-ACK feedback information in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and enabling a bit number of the HARQ-ACK feedback information to be determined according to a UL DAI value in the UL grant in the PUSCH for scheduling and transmitting the HARQ-ACK feedback information and bundling window size (bundling window size). The method can conduct correct HARQ-ACK feedback information transmission in a CA system with different TDD uplink and downlink configurations in a plurality of CCs, and further the situations of different TDD uplink and downlink configuration in the plurality of CCs of the CA can be effectively supported.

The invention discloses an arithmetic unit used for context arithmetic encoding and decoding. The arithmetic unit comprises a context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) decoding control module for controlling overall CABAC decoding, a syntactic element decoding control module for controlling the decoding of various syntactic elements, a probability model cache module for caching a probability model required by current decoding, a memory access control module for controlling access to a random access memory (RAM), controlling data interaction between the RAM and the probability model cache module, , saving the data in the probability model cache module and updating the data in the probability model cache module when the probability model cache model contains no probability model required by current decoding, and a decoding engine module for performing arithmetic decoding and calculating bit number that is read in from a code stream in one bin decoding process. The arithmetic unit provided by the invention has high decoding speed, and the consumption of the memory is reduced.

The present invention relates to a method and system for audio encoding and decoding and a method for estimating a noise level, and the method for estimating a noise level in the present invention comprises: estimating a power spectrum of an audio signal to be encoded according to a frequency domain coefficient of the audio signal to be encoded; and estimating a noise level of a zero bit encoding subband audio signal according to the power spectrum obtained by calculating, and this noise level for controlling an energy proportion of noise filling to spectral band replication during decoding; wherein a zero bit encoding subband refers to an encoding subband of which allocated bit number is zero. The present invention can well reconstruct the uncoded frequency domain coefficients.

A method and a device for determining a search space and for determining candidate control channel resources are provided in present invention. The method for determining the search space includes: determining the number of downlink control information bits of each type of control channel currently required to be monitored by a UE; determining a temporary search space corresponding to the each type of control channel according to a mapping relationship currently used by the UE; and determining that an actual search space corresponding to a selected type of control channel is all or a part of CCEs of a union of temporary search spaces corresponding to all or a part of control channels with the same number of the downlink control information bits, when the DCI bit number of one or more other control channels is the same as the DCI bit number of the selected type of control channel.

A method and system of finding a read voltage for a flash memory is disclosed. Data are read from array cells of the flash memory with a default read voltage, and a recorded state bit number that is recorded during programming is also read. Determine an optimal read voltage if the readout data do not pass the error correction control (ECC). Data are then re-read from the array cells of the flash memory with the determined optimal read voltage.

The method includes steps: (1) selecting motion vectors of blocks even distributed around current block as reference motion vectors; (2) based on reference motion vectors to carry out prediction for current motion vector to be predicted. In step for selecting reference motion vectors, selecting lower left block, upper block, and upper right block adjacent to current block is as motion vectors of current block. The median of the said three predicted motion vectors is as predicted motion vector of current block. The invention reduces bit number needed to encode residual of motion vector effectively as well as quickens procedure for motion estimation in video process procedure in order to raise precision for predicting motion vector. In video code, the invention raises accuracy and encoding efficiency of motion estimation.

The invention provides a method and device for determining a search space and a candidate control channel resource. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the bit number of downlink control information of each control channel which currently needs to be monitored by UE (user equipment); according to a mapping relationship between unit carrier wave for carrying data information channels and unit carrier wave for carrying control channels, which are used by UE currently, determining a temporary searching space which corresponds to each control channel which needs to be monitored by UE; and for the control channels which are same in CCE (communication control equipment) polymerization level and need to be monitored by UE currently, when the bit number of the downlink control information of one or more than one control channel is as same as the bit number of the downlink control information of a selected control channel, determining the practical search space which corresponds to the selected control channel is all or a part of CCE of the sum of the temporary search spaces corresponding to all or a part of control channels which are same in bit number of the downlinkcontrol information. Through adoption of the scheme, the probability of scheduling collision of PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) in a carrier wave polymerization system can be reduced.

The invention relates to a control method of self-adapted code rate based on time-space masking effect. The method unifies a macroscopic description that reflects features in some part of a visual sensing system, especially merging the perceiving property of eye about motion information with other sensing features, which includes: preprocessing the original sequence of video code; then calculating frame level complexity and degrees of perception of each macro-block using time-space masking effect; the self-adapted code rate control algorithm distributes frame bit number according to frame complexity; finally determining the quantization parameter of macro-block according to the degree of perception of the macro-block. The method obtains a better object visual quality under the condition of identical or less bit number in comparison with the code rate control algorithm on the JM10.2 edition of H.264 check model.

The invention provides an uplink control information transmission method and device. The uplink control information transmission method comprises: a terminal receives DCI transmitted by a base station, wherein the DCI comprises at least one of the following: a first control domain for indicating relevance of downlink scheduling, a second control domain for indicating a terminal to determine an HARQ-ACK feedback mode, and a third control domain for indicating a PUCCH resource used by the terminal when the terminal determines to feedback the HARQ-ACK; the terminal determines related parameter information which is needed when the terminal feeds back the HARQ-ACK information according to the downlink control information, wherein related parameter information comprises: an HARQ-ACK bit number, a PUCCH format of the HARQ-ACK, and a PUCC resource corresponding to the PUCCH format; and the terminal transmits HARQ-ACK information to the base station. The uplink control information transmission method and device solve a problem about how to determine a PUCCH format of the transmitted HARQ-ACK when the PUCCH format is introduced.

An embodiment of the invention relates to a method for coding and decoding a video image, coding equipment and decoding equipment. The method comprises steps as follows: determining a motion vector group of a current coding block; determining a prediction value of a first component set of a motion model initial vector of the current coding block according to the motion vector group; determining a to-be-transmitted value of the first component set according to the prediction value of the first component set; coding the to-be-transmitted value of the first component set and sending the coded to-be-transmitted value to a decoding end. According to the method for coding and decoding the video image, the coding equipment and the decoding equipment, the motion model initial vector of the current coding block is determined according to the motion vector group, the to-be-transmitted value of a motion model is determined according to the motion model initial vector and is coded and transmitted, so that the decoding end can decode according to the to-be-transmitted value of the motion model, and the volume of data transmitted during coding and decoding and occupied bit number can be reduced.

An adder circuit uses a summing circuit to provide a summed sliced bit number from a first sliced bit number and a second sliced bit number. A boundary circuit is operably connected to the summing circuit to form a rounding boundary between selected groups of the summed sliced bit number. A rounding circuit is operably connected to the boundary circuit to detect a zero in each slice of the summed sliced bit number while the first and second sliced bit numbers are being added to one another. The rounding circuit includes a logic circuit to detect the zero and provide a zero detect output and a control circuit to selectively round the summed sliced bit number up and down in response to the zero detect output.

Provided is a MIMO-OFDM system codebook search based reducing procode feedback information bit number method and device which is used in the air interface communication between users and the base station. The users include the channel state information acquisition unit and a channel variation tracing unit. According to the channel state information, the corresponding largest singular values of MIMO channel matrix are extracted from each OFDM sub channel and according to the sequence of OFDM sub channel, the largest singular values can be viewed as points on a smooth curve and the pole can be found. The codebook search unit searches the complete codebook to the sub channel corresponding to the pole and obtains the corresponding complete codebook procode vector serial number. The sub channeles which ar not corresponded to the pole are divided into a number of groups according to the sequence of OFDM channel, and the construction and searching methods of sub codebook are used to obtain the procode codebook vector sub codebook serial number for each group of sub channels which are not corresponded to the pole. The feedback information integration unit feedbacks the series of codebook vector serial number information to the transmitting end.

The invention discloses a method for transferring ACK / NACK information, including the steps that an ACK / NACK numerical field carried by eNodeB in UL Grant is used for informing the bit number of the ACK / NACK information obligated on PUSCH by UE; Index information corresponding to each DL Grant on a PDCCH channel and carried by the eNodeB is used for informing the obligated position of the ACK / NACK feedback information of downlink transmission data corresponding to the DL Grant of the UE on the PUSCH; the UE carries the accurately received ACK / NACK information of the downlink transmission data corresponding to all the DL Grants on the appointed obligated position of the PUSCH and judges whether the instance that the DL Grant loses exists, if so, the ACK / NACK information corresponding to the lost DL Grant is set to be NACK, and the eNodeB is informed of the existence of the loss of the DL Grant; and the eNodeB retransfers the corresponding DL Grant and a corresponding downlink data block. The invention can solve the problems of a plurality of ACK / NACK feedbacks on the PUSCH and the loss of the DL Grant on the premise of not lowering the uplink covering range.

The invention relates to a code rate control method based on video image segmentation technology. In the method, based on the existing video image segmentation technology, the bit number is redistributed and the quantization parameters are adjusted. The method is characterized by firstly computing the motion complexity coefficient by utilizing an obtained moving object segmentation diagram and adjusting the code rate control algorithm of an I frame / P frame; then computing the motion complexity of macro blocks by utilizing the moving object segmentation diagram and a texture segmentation diagram and adjusting the quantization parameters of the macro blocks after entering the macro block level code rate control algorithm; and finally detecting a scene change frame by utilizing a motion model and correspondingly adjusting the quantization parameters of the scene change frame. By adjusting the code rate control algorithm based on the video image segmentation method, the quality of the decoded images in the low bandwidth or high bandwidth is correspondingly improved and distortion in the region with violent motion is reduced.

A data reading method for a writable non-volatile memory module having physical pages is provided. The method includes grouping the physical pages into a plurality of physical page groups. The method also includes reading first data from a physical page of a first physical page group by applying a first threshold voltage set. The method still includes, when the first data can be corrected by an error checking and correcting circuit and an error bit number corresponding to the first data is not smaller than an error bit number threshold, calculating compensation voltages for the first threshold voltage set. The method further includes adjusting the first threshold voltage set by the compensation voltages and applying the adjusted first threshold voltage set to read data from the physical pages of the first physical page group. Accordingly, data stored in the rewritable non-volatile memory module can be correctly read.