The invention provides a poly glycidyl methacrylate microsphere synthesis and surface modification method, and relates to a solid phase carrier surface modification method. The method comprises: 1) adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, azobisisobutyronitrile and a monomer GMA to a container filled with an ethanol and water mixing solvent, vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen gas, and carrying out a reflux reaction to obtain a milky white liquid; 2) carrying out centrifugation washing on the milky white liquid obtained in the step 1), and drying to obtain the white solid powder PGMA microspheres; 3) adding the PGMA microspheres obtained in the step 2) to ethylene diamine and deionized water, carrying out a reflux reaction, carrying out centrifugation washing, and drying to white solid powder PGMA-NH2 microspheres; and 4) adding the PGMA-NH2 microspheres obtained in the step 3) to a methanol solvent of zwitterionic carboxy betaine, carrying out a reaction, carrying out centrifugation washing, and drying to the solid powder poly glycidyl methacrylate microspheres. According to the present invention, the poly glycidyl methacrylate microspheres have good dispersion property, the reaction conditions are mild, the influence on the morphology of the microspheres is low, the operation is simple, and the reaction cost is low.