100results about How to "Large constant" patented technology

MOSFET transistors having localized stressors for improving carrier mobility are provided. Embodiments of the invention comprise a gate electrode formed over a substrate, a carrier channel region in the substrate under the gate electrode, and source/drain regions on either side of the carrier channel region. The source/drain regions include an embedded stressor having a lattice constant different from the substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is silicon and the embedded stressor is SiGe. Implanting a portion of the source/drain regions with Ge forms the embedded stressor. Implanting carbon into the source/drain regions and annealing the substrate after implanting the carbon suppresses dislocation formation, thereby improving device performance.

There is disclosed a piezoelectric thin film having less non-uniform portion and holding satisfactory piezoelectric characteristics, a method of manufacturing the film, a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric thin film, and an ink jet system recording head using the piezoelectric element. In the piezoelectric thin film of perovskite crystals formed on a substrate by a sol-gel process and represented by a general formula Pb_(1-x)La_x(Zr_yTi_1-y)O₃ (where 0≦x<1, 0.05≦y≦1), a film thickness of the thin film is 1000 nm or more and 4000 nm or less, and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of y in an arbitrary portion of the thin film is 0.05 or less.

A piezoelectric ceramic composition that acquires excellent piezoelectric properties even when it is fired at a low temperature is offered. The piezoelectric ceramic composition possesses a composition corresponding to a solid solution that contains a first compound having a rhombohedral crystal-based perovskite structure, a second compound having a tetragonal crystal-based perovskite structure, and a third compound. The third compound is a compound oxide containing Bi as a first component element, Fe or Mn as a second component element, and a hexavalent metallic element as a third component element. The hexavalent metallic element is at least one kind selected from W and Mo.

The invention is to provide an AM device containing a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large positive dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to and heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics, and the AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth; wherein a liquid crystal display device contains a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and containing a specific compound having a large positive dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a second component.

To provide a compound having an effect for preventing photolysis of a liquid crystal composition, and having a high solubility in the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition:

M(Z-Q)_a(R^b)_b  (1)

wherein, in formula (1), a is 1 to 4, and b is a numerical value: (4−a); M is an organic group; Z is a single bond or the like; and Q is a monovalent group represented by formula (Q-1), (Q-2) or (Q-3), in which R^a and R^b are hydrogen, alkyl or the like.

A magnetoresistance effect element comprises: a pair of magnetic layers whose magnetization directions form a relative angle therebetween that is variable depending on an external magnetic field; and a crystalline spacer layer sandwiched between the pair of magnetic layers; wherein sense current may flow in a direction that is perpendicular to a film plane of the pair of magnetic layers and the spacer layer. The spacer layer includes a crystalline oxide, and either or both magnetic layers whose magnetization direction is variable depending on the external magnetic field has a layer configuration in which a CoFeB layer is sandwiched between a CoFe layer and a NiFe layer and is positioned between the spacer layer and the NiFe layer.

To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature thereof, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a large elastic constant, a high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, or a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth; wherein a liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase and contains a specific compound having a high maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a second component, and may contain a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a third component.

A dual phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit includes a phase/frequency detector, a charge pump, a frequency tuning circuit and an N divider. The frequency tuning circuit includes a coarse-tuning circuit, for coarse-tuning an output frequency of the dual PLL circuit to approximate a target frequency; a fine-tuning circuit, for fine-tuning the output frequency of the dual PLL circuit to the target frequency; and a current control oscillator (CCO), for generating an output signal of the dual PLL circuit. The output frequency of the output signal is equal to the target frequency.

A liquid crystal composition having at least one or a suitable balance regarding at least two of characteristic such as high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, low minimum temperature thereof, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet-light or heat, or large elastic constant; an AM-device having short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a negatively large DC brightness relaxation time constant and long-service-life. The liquid crystal composition contains a compound contributing to high stability to heat or ultraviolet-light as an additive component and a specific compound having positively large dielectric anisotropy, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The composition may contain a specific compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component or a specific compound having negative dielectric anisotropy as a third component.

A digital automatic level control system employs delay elements, which enable information about a signal parameter from the past, present and future to be processed to provide an optimal gain that can be used to level rapidly varying signals, such as bursty signals. As digital time samples of a signal are passed through first and second buffers, first and second accumulators maintain running sums that are related to the sum of the samples presently in the first and second buffers, respectively. The sums in the first and second accumulators represent information about the signal parameter for the future and the past, respectively. By choosing the maximum of these two values, the system can anticipate the beginning of a signal burst, and still have enough delay to compensate the end of a signal burst. In one embodiment of the invention, multiple channel signals can be leveled, either individually or in groups.

An object is to provide a noise removing circuit that can be integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate and can improve the accuracy of noise component removal. The noise removing circuit comprises a highpass filter detecting a noise component included in an input signal, a pulse generating circuit generating a pulse signal corresponding to the detected noise component, an analog delaying circuit 252 delaying the input signal, and an outputting circuit removing the noise component included in the delayed signal according to the output timing of the pulse signal. The analog delaying circuit 252 delays the output timing of the input signal by making switches 51 to 56 electrically continuous in a sequential order, by holding the voltage of the input signal at each time point in a plurality of capacitors 81 to 86, and by extracting the held voltage before being updated by making switches 61 to 66 electrically continuous.

To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light, high stability to heat and a large elastic constant, or is to provide a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; an AM device having short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The liquid crystal composition has the nematic phase and contains a compound having a difluoromethyleneoxy group and a trifluoromethyl group and having large dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having small dielectric anisotropy as a second component. The liquid crystal display device contains the composition.