The invention discloses an overwater radar system for detecting and identifying a weak target in a strong clutter environment, and belongs to the technical field of radar identification. The overwater radar system comprises an electromagnetic wave transmitting module, and the output end of the electromagnetic wave transmitting module is connected with the input end of a strong clutter suppression module; the output end of the strong clutter suppression module is connected with the input end of the target echo detection module; according to the invention, by arranging the echo data preprocessing and reprocessing module, extracted features can be effectively processed, weak features can be amplified, the recognition accuracy can be improved, meanwhile, the processing process can realize the function of recognizing a weak target by a radar, the function is powerful, and by arranging the feature recording and machine learning module, the recognition accuracy can be improved. After the weak target is recognized through the radar every time, the features of the weak target can be recorded and machine learning can be carried out, and when the same features are recognized in the next recognition, the recognition can be directly completed, so that the recognition accuracy and the recognition efficiency are greatly improved.