The invention relates to a preparation method of a uniform-cell and high-buffer polylactic acid foamed material. The foamed material comprises a main material and an auxiliary material, and the main material comprises polylactic acid, EVA elastomer, cellulose acetate propionate, esterification modified nano-cellulose, polylactic acid grafted maleic anhydride and gelatin; and the auxiliary material comprises an antioxidant, a plasticiser and an ultraviolet resisting agent. The main material comprises, by mass, 100 parts of polylactic acid, 20-35 parts of the EVA elastomer, 8-15 parts of cellulose acetate propionate, 3-6 parts of esterification modified nano-cellulose, 4-8 parts of polylactic acid grafted maleic anhydride and 3-6 parts of gelatin. The auxiliary material comprises 2-4 parts of the antioxidant, 2-4 parts of the plasticiser and 2-4 parts of the ultraviolet resisting agent. The foamed material is prepared through a premixing, autoclave foaming and liquid nitrogen cooling technology, has the advantages of effective guaranteeing of cell uniformity, high foaming rate and good buffering performance, and can be used in the field of packaging buffering.