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The invention discloses an artery coordination signal control method based on dynamic O-D matrix estimation. According to the method, road segment flow of the detecting of import approaches and export approaches of crossings of an artery is adopted, dynamic O-D matrixes of crossings are estimated by the adoption of a Kalman filtering and a back propagation neural network algorithm, a Bayes combination method is designed to improve accuracy and stability of the estimated result, a single-crossing multi-target signal control model is built on the basis of the estimated result, and the calculated maximum of crossing signal cycles is served as a public cycle of the artery. The artery coordination signal control method that the maximum of the obstructing-free rate of artery vehicles serves as the target function is further designed, the green split of all crossing artery directions and the phase difference of the adjacent crossings are acquired through solving, and an artery coordination signal control scheme is formed. The artery coordination signal control method based on dynamic O-D matrix estimation has the advantages that on the premise of guaranteeing the optimizing passing of the artery vehicles, the passing efficiency of all the single crossings is balanced, the problem that the control scheme can not be adjusted timely according to the traffic flow in the prior art is solved, advantages of being high in accuracy, online in application and the like are achieved.